“…Fire can lead to important changes in the physical and chemical properties of forest soils including increased bulk density and altered physical structure (Boyer and Miller, 1994;Arocena and Opio, 2003), increased soil cation stocks (Franklin et al, 2003;Liechty et al, 2005;Neff et al, 2005), and decreased carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in surface soils (Binkley, 1992;Choromanska and DeLuca 2001;MacKenzie et al, 2004;Shelburne et al, 2004). Responses of soil cations, C and N to fire vary substantially in direction, magnitude and the length of time during which changes can be detected after fire (Carter and Foster, 2004;Certini, 2005).…”