Foreword

Berman and Livonia – Two Prodigious Strangers

“…Authority was said to have grown stricter the more south the society -thus the Livic quasi rex. 20 Archaeologists have, on the other hand, found the physical remains of the era's culture in Estonia incompatible with a presumed egalitarian freeholder-peasant society. There most certainly were lords and subjects, and the archaeological and the sparse written evidence in sum tell of a bloody history of battles for supremacy and several emerging pagan states by the early 13 th century.…”