Foreword: Addressing the Real World of Racial Injustice in the Criminal Justice System

Coker, Donna

doi:10.2307/3491312

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…A second explanation focuses on differences in the nature of drug offending in low-status areas, rather than the extent of drug offending (Blumstein, 1993;Coker, 2003;Goode, 2002;Human Rights Watch, 2008Tonry, 1995). This explanation notes that minorities are much more likely to live in lower class, inner-city neighborhoods.…”

Section: Explaining Racial Disparities In Drug Arrestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, police use more aggressive tactics in these areas such as "street sweeps," drug courier profiles, consent searches, and so forth (see e.g. Coker, 2003;Cole 1999). Taken together, these factors combine to expose drug offending in lower class areas to greater police surveillance and higher probabilities of police detection.…”

Section: Explaining Racial Disparities In Drug Arrestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

Mitchell¹,

2013

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Section: Explaining Racial Disparities In Drug Arrestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explaining Racial Disparities In Drug Arrestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

Mitchell¹,

2013

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“…Because most of the MPV arrestees have been black or Hispanic, this policy modification would greatly benefit these populations and somewhat reduce the number of persons with criminal records for MPV. This policy could be designed to systematically reduce or lessen ethnic disparities in NYC in criminal justice procedures, as recommended by Coker (2003).…”

Section: Police and Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of alternatives to New York City's current marijuana arrest and detention policy

Johnson

Golub²,

Dunlap³

et al. 2008

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &Amp; Management

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During the 1990s, the New York Police Department (NYPD) instituted a policy of arresting and detaining people for minor offenses that occur in public as part of their quality-of-life (hereafter QOL) policing initiative. The number of NYPD arrests for smoking marijuana in public view (MPV) increased from 3,000 in 1994 to over 50,000 in 2000, and have been about 30,000 in the mid 2000s. Most of these arrestees (84%) have been minority; blacks have been 2.7 more likely and Hispanics 1.8 times more likely to be detained than whites for an MPV arrest. Minorities have been most likely to receive more severe dispositions, even controlling for demographics and prior arrest histories. This paper examines the pros and cons of the current policy; this is compared with possible alternatives including the following: arrest and issue a desk appearance ticket (DAT); issue a noncriminal citation (violation); street warnings; and tolerate public marijuana smoking. The authors recommend that the NYPD change to issuing DATs on a routine basis. Drug policy reformers might wish to further pursue changing statutes regarding smoking marijuana in public view into a violation (noncriminal) or encourage the wider use of street warnings. Any of these policy changes would help reduce the disproportionate burden on minorities associated with the current arrest and detention policy. These policies could help maintain civic norms against smoking marijuana in public.

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“…While several researchers have offered legitimate explanations for disproportionate traffic stops among minorities (e.g., Coker, 2003;Harris, 1999Harris, , 2002, the perception that blacks are targeted simply because of their race still persists. Weitzer and Tuch (2002) found a common belief that an African American is more likely than a white person to be stopped by police but corroborating information on such stops is limited.…”

Section: Literature Review What Others Have Discoveredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the police and citizen views on biased policing

Ioimo

Becton

Meadows³

et al. 2009

Criminal Justice Studies

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Bias-based policing is an issue that police departments all over the country are addressing. While police engage the public in many ways, traffic stops are possibly the most common way. This research project sought to broaden the approach to assessing bias-based policing beyond traffic stop data by surveying the officers and the citizens to compare the views of both of these groups. Our research found interesting comparisons that we discuss in this paper. These issues between the two groups are important to resolving the issues associated with bias-based policing.

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Foreword: Addressing the Real World of Racial Injustice in the Criminal Justice System

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

An analysis of alternatives to New York City's current marijuana arrest and detention policy

Comparing the police and citizen views on biased policing

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