Forgiveness, Coping, and Terrorism: Do Tendency to Forgive and Coping Strategies Associate With the Level of Posttraumatic Symptoms of Injured Victims of Terror Attacks?

Weinberg, Michael; Gil, Sharon; Gilbar, Ora

doi:10.1002/jclp.22056

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Six studies had an about equal ratio of male to female participants (Bae, Hyun, & Ra, 2014;Doran, Kalayjian, Toussaint, & DeMucci, 2012;Kaminer et al, 2001;Kira et al, 2009;Snyder & Heinze, 2005;Weinberg, Gil, & Gilbar, 2014). Four studies had significantly more female than male participants (Friedberg, Adonis, Von Bergen, & Suchday, 2005;Hamama-Raz et al, 2008;Orcutt, Pickett, & Pope, 2005.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Cerci

Colucci

2018

Traumatology

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Forgiveness has proven to be beneficial for the physical and mental health of individuals. In sufferers of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after man-made traumatic events, it is often believed to have a positive effect to forgive the transgressor. This systematic review identifies and presents a summary of the literature into the association of symptoms of PTSD with forgiveness after man-made traumatic events. The bibliography databases EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, PsycExtra, Scopus and Web of Science were searched. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The review shows significant differences between individual studies regarding the type of trauma, the setting, the forgiveness concept and the measurement instruments used for PTSD and forgiveness. Only one study could not establish a significant correlation between forgiveness and PTSD symptoms. The other studies found that higher forgiveness levels were associated with lower PTSD-related symptoms scores, but other factors have to be taken into account, as demographic variables, the relationship between transgressor and survivor of trauma, the type and severity of trauma and other variables were also shown to be relevant.

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confidence: 99%

“…All other studies assessed forgiveness at the dispositional level, out of which three studies administered the HFS (Karaırmak & Güloğlu, 2014;Snyder & Heinze, 2005;Weinberg et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Cerci

Colucci

2018

Traumatology

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“…Previous research has demonstrated that a personal tendency to forgive situations (Weinberg et al 2014) and a heightened level of mastery (Carver and Connor-Smith 2010) protects victims of terror attacks against PTSD symptoms. Conceivably, in the context of war, when civilians are under continuous life-threatening rocket and missile fire, situational aspects have greater impact than intra-and interpersonal dimensions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for DSM 5 PTSD Symptoms in Israeli Civilians During the Gaza War

Gil

Weinberg

2015

European Psychiatry

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Background: In light of the current modifications presented in the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM 5, this study aimed at revalidating well-known PTSD risk factors, including gender, peritraumatic dissociation, social support, level of threat, and trait tendency for forgiveness. Method: Five hundred and one Israeli civilians were assessed during real-time exposure to missile and rocket fire at the eruption of the Gaza war. Assessments took place approximately one to 2 weeks after the beginning of this military operation, relying on web administration of the study, which allowed simultaneous data collection from respondents in the three regions in Israel that were under attack. Results: A structural equation model design revealed that higher levels of forgiveness toward situations were associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, whereas peritraumatic dissociation and high levels of objective and subjective threat were positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Additionally, females were at higher risk for PTSD symptoms than males. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide further evidence for the importance of directing preventive attention to those vulnerable to the development of elevated levels of PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

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“…In the current sample, Cronbach's alpha was .90. This scale has been used in previous studies examining the effects of political violence in Israel (e.g., Israel‐Cohen, Kashy‐Rosenbaum, & Kaplan, ; Weinberg, Gil, & Gilbar, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Efficacy as a Buffer of the Heightened Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Disadvantaged Communities

Vashdi

Navot

Lavi

et al. 2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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External collective political efficacy (PE) is an individual's perception of the extent to which the government is responsive to the needs of his or her group or community or to its collective actions. Does PE play a role in the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress? The current study aimed to examine whether such PE may help explain why exposure to political violence results in posttraumatic stress for some people but not others. Based on the conservation of resource theory, research has found that residents of some types of communities are less likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress when exposed to political violence, due to the economic and psychological resources these communities provide. Political efficacy, as an individual‐level factor that relates to the community, may help predict who will suffer more or less posttraumatic stress from exposure to political violence within a given community. Based on a panel study conducted immediately before and after the 2008–2009 Gaza conflict (N = 650) and hierarchical linear modeling analyses, we found that type of community indeed moderated the association between exposure to political violence and posttraumatic stress, Δ‐2 log likelihood = 30.4, p < .001. In addition, we found that PE mitigated the psychological distress resulting from exposure to political conflict in disadvantaged communities, Δ‐2 log likelihood = 22.8, p < .001. This study not only further untangled the association between exposure and distress during times of war but also identified the role that governments can play in preventing conflict‐induced distress beyond offering physical protection.

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Forgiveness, Coping, and Terrorism: Do Tendency to Forgive and Coping Strategies Associate With the Level of Posttraumatic Symptoms of Injured Victims of Terror Attacks?

Abstract: Tendency to forgive and coping strategies are significantly associated with each other and with severity of PTSD symptoms among individuals injured in terror attacks. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Forgiveness in PTSD after man-made traumatic events: A systematic review.

Risk Factors for DSM 5 PTSD Symptoms in Israeli Civilians During the Gaza War

Political Efficacy as a Buffer of the Heightened Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Disadvantaged Communities

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