Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope.

Enright, Robert; Fitzgibbons, Richard P.

doi:10.1037/14526-000

Cited by 220 publications

(375 citation statements)

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“…Although there is no universal definition of forgiveness, it is generally accepted that when a person forgives, his or her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors toward the offender become less negative and more positive (McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001). However, some authors (e.g., North, 1987; for a review see Worthington, 2005) highlight forgiveness as the reduction of negative responses toward the offender (i.e., anger, rumination, revenge) while others emphasize the experience of positive affect (i.e., sympathy, benevolence, love) toward the transgressor as a critical part of complete forgiveness (Enright & Fitzgibbons, 2014;Worthington, 2006). Worthington (2005) observed that when the offenders are strangers, in poor, non-valued, or non-continuing relationships, the focus is on reducing negative emotions and motives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the dimensionality of the TRIM-18 in the Spanish context

et al. 2017

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Título: Exploración de la dimensionalidad y de las propiedades psicométri-cas del TRIM-18 en contexto Español. Resumen: Introducción: La escala Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM-18) es un instrumento diseñado para evaluar perdón específico compuesto por tres subescalas: evitación, venganza y benevolencia. En el presente estudio se examina la dimensionalidad de la versión española del TRIM-18 (TRIM-18-S). Se presentan evidencias de fiabilidad y de validez de constructo de la interpretación de las puntuaciones. Método: Un total de 943 sujetos completaron el TRIM-18-S. Una submuestra de 94 participantes completaron la escala otra vez dos semanas después para el cálculo de la estabilidad temporal, y 277 participantes completaron medidas adicionales de empatía, ira e información relacionada con el tipo de ofensor para el cálculo de la validez de constructo. Resultados: El TRIM-18-S mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló una estructura tridimensional. Los valores del alfa de Cronbach variaron entre .80 y .90. Los valores obtenidos para la fiabilidad test-retest variaron entre.74 y .84. Se hallaron evidencias de validez de constructo a partir de las correlaciones con el ítem único de medida de perdón y con empatía, ira, cercanía con el ofensor y tipo de relación. Conclusiones: La escala presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en población española. Palabras clave: perdón; episódico; escala; validación; castellano. Abstract: Introduction:The Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18) is an instrument that assesses episodic forgiveness composed of three subscales: avoidance, revenge and benevolence. In the present study we examined the dimensionality of the Spanish version of the TRIM-18 (TRIM-18-S). We provided evidences of estimated reliability and construct validity of the interpretation of the scores. Method: A total of 943 participants completed the TRIM-18-S. A subset of 94 participants completed the measure again to allow computation of two-week estimated temporal stability, and 277 participants completed additional measures of empathy, anger, and information regarding the relation with the offender to allow computations supporting construct validity. Results: The TRIM-18-S showed good psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure. Alphas ranged from .80 to .90. Two week estimated test-retest correlations ranged from .74 to .84. Construct validity was supported by correlations with a single-item measuring forgiveness and with empathy, state anger, and closeness and type of relationship. Conclusions: The scale presents adequate psychometric properties for its potential use in Spanish population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the dimensionality of the TRIM-18 in the Spanish context

et al. 2017

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“…Pemaafan dapat menjadi metode koping yang memungkinkan seseorang mengalihkan perhatiannya dari pengalaman hidup yang tidak menyenangkan dan membawa seseorang tumbuh, berkembang dan hidup bermakna serta berkualitas (Enright, 2002;Thompson dkk., 2005).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Proses ini merupakan teknik terapi yang paling memberikan manfaat karena semua subjek menjadi paham mengenai kondisi objek pemaafan sehingga membuat diri lebih mudah untuk menerima dan memaafkan. Teknik Imagery pada sesi V dan VI merupakan teknik koping untuk mengatasi ketakutan-ketakutan dan kecemasan-kecemasan yang dimiliki (Wilding & Milne, 2009) dengan membantu subjek berlatih untuk membayangkan koping yang akan digunakan dalam mengantisipasi situasi sulit yang mungkin akan dihadapi di masa depan (Curwen, Palmer, & Ruddel, 2002) serta menumbuhkan empati pada objek pemaafan (Enright, 2002). Proses pelaksanaannya, terdapat beberapa subjek yang mampu membayangkan dan menghadirkan sosok yakni objek pemaafannya untuk dimaafakan.…”

Section: Rogers (Dalamunclassified

Forgiveness Therapy to Increase the Meaning of Life Among Inmates In

Zuanny

Subandhi

2017

PJP

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ABSTRAKWarga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP) mengalami berbagai kondisi dan perubahan dalam menjalani kehidupannya. Selain mengalami beban secara fisik karena terhambat dalam melakukan aktivitas, banyak WBP yang mengalami beban secara psikologis.Rasa bersalah, malu, kemarahan, penyesalan, putus asa dan pandangan negatif terhadap dirinya membuat WBP mengalami kecemasan, depresi dan bahkan mencoba melakukan bunuh diri karena merasa kehidupannya tidak bermakna (meaningless). Terapi pemaafan dapat memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan koping yang adaptif pada WBP untuk berdamai terhadap diri sendiri, orang lain dan situasi yang menekan serta mereduksi berbagai emosi negatif sehingga kebermaknaan hidup meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest yang melibatkan 7 orang WBP perempuan, berusia 23-45 tahun dengan kasus penipuan atau penggelapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh terapi pemaafan dalam meningkatkan kebermaknaan hidup WBP di Lapas.Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA repeated measure dan dilengkapi dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terapi pemaafan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kebermaknaan hidup WBP perempuan setelah terapi. Kata kunci: terapi pemaafan, kebermaknaan hidup, warga binaan pemasyarakatan FORGIVENESS THERAPY TO INCREASE THE MEANING OF LIFE AMONG INMATES IN PENITENTIARY

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“…Established clinical interventions (e.g., Enright, 2001) could be adjusted to incorporate multicultural issues including emphasizing aspects of Islam, the Qur'an, hadith, and jurisprudence. In so doing, Western forgiveness interventions could become more culturally congruent with Islamic values.…”

Section: Implications For Future Research and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness, revenge, and adherence to Islam as moderators for psychological wellbeing and depression among survivors of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Scull¹

2015

Journal of Muslim Mental Health

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This study examined the relationships of forgiveness, desire for revenge, adherence to Islam, depression, and psychological wellbeing among 220 Muslim Kuwaiti civilians who experienced the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and subsequent seven-month occupation. Participants completed the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI), the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18 (TRIM), the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire (DAQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and two sub-scales of Psychological Wellbeing (PSWB). An instrument of 13 items was designed to measure adherence of Islam and the degree to which Islam informs forgiveness attitudes. Results found support for the benefits of forgiveness in that interpersonal forgiveness (EFI) was negatively correlated with depression and revenge. Revenge was negatively correlated with depression and psychological wellbeing. Results also indicated that Islamic forgiveness attitudes moderated the relationship between Islamic devotional practices with

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Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope.

Cited by 220 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring the dimensionality of the TRIM-18 in the Spanish context

Exploring the dimensionality of the TRIM-18 in the Spanish context

Forgiveness Therapy to Increase the Meaning of Life Among Inmates In

Forgiveness, revenge, and adherence to Islam as moderators for psychological wellbeing and depression among survivors of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

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