Forgiving is good for health and performance: How forgiveness helps individuals cope with the psychological contract breach

Costa, Sandra; Neves, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.005

Cited by 54 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Although emotional exhaustion is frequently used as an operational definition of health in the helping literature (e.g. Costa & Neves, 2017), it is uncertain whether the findings of the current study can be replicated with other types of health indicators. We suggest future researchers use different operational definitions of health and investigate how other health indicators and helping behaviours influence each other.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 92%

An examination of the temporal order of helping behaviours and emotional exhaustion

et al. 2020

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An emerging body of research has investigated the relationship between helping (as a type of organizational citizenship behaviour) and emotional exhaustion (as an aspect of employee health). Research has demonstrated a significant relationship between helping and emotional exhaustion, but the theoretical arguments for the causal direction vary across studies. Specifically, some researchers have conceptualized helping as an outcome of emotional exhaustion, while others have regarded helping as a predictor of emotional exhaustion. This lack of theoretical clarity in directionality hinders the field's ability to summarize existing empirical findings cohesively and elucidate theoretical mechanisms. Therefore, this study attempts to clarify the theoretical directionality between helping and emotional exhaustion using four waves of data collected at 6-month intervals. Autoregressive cross-lagged analyses with auto-correlations revealed that more helping was associated with less future emotional exhaustion from Wave 1 to Wave 2, but from Wave 2 to Wave 3, the directionality reversed, as less emotional exhaustion significantly predicted more future helping, and from Wave 3 to Wave 4, both prediction directions were no longer significant. The findings suggest that helping and emotional exhaustion reciprocally affect each other, though the reciprocal pattern may disappear across time. The present study sheds light on the theoretical relationship between helping and emotional exhaustion, and provides theoretical and practical implications.

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Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 92%

An examination of the temporal order of helping behaviours and emotional exhaustion

et al. 2020

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“…A three-wave study demonstrated a negative relationship of breach with job engagement and a positive relationship with emotional exhaustion (Chambel & Oliveira-Cruz, 2010). More recently, a two-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT BREACH 7 wave study found a positive link between breach and emotional exhaustion, which was weaker when employees' forgiveness cognitions were high (Costa & Neves, 2017). Finally, two experience sampling studies suggested that breach is related to a perceived loss of resources which, in turn, is related to negative emotions and strain (Achnak et al, 2018).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Development Of Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Well-Being and Career-Related Behavior: The Role of Occupational Future Time Perspective

Zacher¹,

Rudolph²

2020

Preprint

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Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well-being and career- related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of this study was to examine indirect effects of psychological contract breach on emotional engagement, emotional exhaustion, and career-related behavior through two dimensions of occupational future time perspective (i.e., focus on opportunities, focus on limitations). Data came from 405 employees in Australia, who responded to three surveys across 12 months. Results showed that psychological contract breach had indirect effects on emotional engagement and exhaustion through focus on opportunities and focus on limitations, respectively, and on career-related behavior through focus on opportunities. Another mechanism, psychological contract violation, was only related to employees’ organizational deviance. These findings highlight the important role of occupational future time perspective dimensions as employees’ evaluations of future career-related opportunities and limitations. These evaluations may change in response to psychological contract breach and, in turn, might impact on employee well-being and career-related behavior.

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“…As the core dimension of job burnout [30], emotional exhaustion refers to the fatigue caused by excessive use of employees' physiological and emotional resources [31], which is a natural result of the stress coping process [32]. According to Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R), regardless of the kinds of occupations, job demands can consume the mental energy of employees and lead them to experience job burnout [2].…”

Section: Emotional Exhaustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning or Relaxing: How Do Challenge Stressors Stimulate Employee Creativity?

Sun

2019

Sustainability

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As important situational factors in the workplace, challenge stressors play an important role in stimulating employee creativity. This study used self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion as intervening processes to delve into the impact of promotion and depletion mechanisms of challenge stressors on employee creativity. According to the theory of resource conservation, the study explores the moderating effect of learning and relaxing at work on the promotion and depletion mechanisms of challenge stressors. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of a combination of factors on employee creativity. A total of 240 valid paired-samples were collected from employees of three enterprises in information technology, finance, and evaluation services industries. This study drew the following conclusions. Challenge stressors have a direct positive effect on employee creativity, self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion have partial mediating effects on the relationship between challenge stressors and employee creativity, learning positively moderates the relationship between challenge stressors and self-efficacy, and qualitative comparative analysis reveals three configurations that improve employee creativity.

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Forgiving is good for health and performance: How forgiveness helps individuals cope with the psychological contract breach

Cited by 54 publications

References 72 publications

An examination of the temporal order of helping behaviours and emotional exhaustion

An examination of the temporal order of helping behaviours and emotional exhaustion

Relationships between Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Well-Being and Career-Related Behavior: The Role of Occupational Future Time Perspective

Learning or Relaxing: How Do Challenge Stressors Stimulate Employee Creativity?

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