Formaldehyde-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-β-carbolines in human urine

Mußhoff, Frank; Daldrup, Th.; Bonte, W; Leitner, Alexander; Lesch, Otto-Michael

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(96)00106-5

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Also, tryptoline (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-norharman), a precursor of norharman, was observed in 57% of urinary samples from alcoholics (n = 188) but only in 40% of samples from healthy volunteers (n = 50) while no correlation was observed with the state of alcoholisation [93].…”

Section: β-Carbolines and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exposure to β-carbolines norharman and harman

Pfau

Skog

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

198

170

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Section: β-Carbolines and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exposure to β-carbolines norharman and harman

Pfau

Skog

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

198

170

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“…In brief, there is considerable variation in the volume of methanol consumed that is claimed to lead to fatality as well as symptoms of severe intoxication, 7 e.g., from 6 ml 2,5 to 70 ml. 7 Many of the clinical reports describe alcoholics admitted to hospitals as medical emergencies 8,10,15,20,22 and so details about what they had recently drunk and over what period of time, as well as the volumes involved are unreliable. Similarly, reports 18 from ''detoxification units'' do not consider the degree of induction of liver enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, e.g., cytochrome P450 2E1, 24 by chronic drinking and of depression of enzymes secondary to liver damage.…”

Section: Human Toxicity Of Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence of a lack of metabolic or clinical harm at intermediate blood levels is sparse, but it seems likely that 5 mg/dl has been tolerated without evidence of any disorder. 22,27 Nevertheless, It is impossible from these data to state the period over which 5 mg/dl will be tolerated without harm, or conversely how long 20 mg/dl methanol in blood has to persist to lead to clinical disorder, although it is known that a period of a few hours at 20 mg/dl may suffice for harm to ensue. 12 Accordingly, it seems safest to adopt a ''worst-case scenario'' and to consider any period at a blood level of methanol greater than 20 mg/dl as risking unacceptable harm.…”

Section: Maximum Tolerable Blood Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining a tolerable concentration of methanol in alcoholic drinks

2001

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Methanol, a potent toxicant in humans, occurs naturally at a low level in most alcoholic beverages without causing harm. However, illicit drinks made from “industrial methylated spirits” [5% (v/v) methanol:95% (v/v) ethanol] can cause severe and even fatal illness. Since documentation of a no-adverse-effect level for methanol is nonexistent in the literature a key question, from the public health perspective, is what is the maximum concentration of methanol in an alcoholic drink that an adult human could consume without risking toxicity due to its methanol content? Published information about methanol-intoxicated patients is reviewed and combined with findings in studies in volunteers given small doses of methanol, as well as occupational exposure limits (OELs), to indicate a tolerable (“safe”) daily dose of methanol in an adult as 2 g and a toxic dose as 8 g. The simultaneous ingestion of ethanol has no appreciable effect on the proposed “safe” and “toxic” doses when considering exposure over several hours. Thus, assuming that an adult consumes 425-ml standard measures of a drink containing 40% alcohol by volume over a period of 2 h, the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of methanol in such a drink would be 2% (v/v) by volume. However, this value only allows a safety factor of 4 to cover variation in the volume consumed and for the effects of malnutrition (i.e., folate deficiency), ill health and other personal factors (i.e., ethnicity). In contrast, the current EU general limit for naturally occurring methanol of 10 g methanol/l ethanol [which equates to 0.4% (v/v) methanol at 40% alcohol] provides a greater margin of safety.

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“…As observed for the quinolinediols, 1-methyl-3-carboxy-b-carboline was not present in the forage and only appeared in the rumen. 1-Methyl-3-carboxy-bcarboline is known to be formed by a reaction between tryptophan and pyruvic acid (Musshoff, Daldrup, Bonte, Leitner, & Lesch, 1996) or acetaldehyde (Tsuchiya et al, 1996). If the occurrence of this compound is assessed to be correlated with corn silage feeds, it could be interesting to investigate the influence of this diet on the rumen levels of acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid.…”

Section: Compound Dmentioning

confidence: 99%