Formaldehyde Emissions from Wood-Based Composites: Effects of Nanomaterials

Eco-Friendly Wood Composites: Design, Characterization and Applications

“…In this respect, novel requirements concerning free formaldehyde emissions from wood composites have posed novel challenges for both researchers and industrial practices related to the development of sustainable and ecofriendly wood composites, the optimization of available lignocellulosic raw materials, and the use of alternative natural and renewable feedstocks [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The harmful formaldehyde released from wood composites can be reduced by adding formaldehyde scavengers to conventional adhesive systems, through the surface treatment of finished wood composites, or by using novel biobased wood adhesives as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional thermosetting resins [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Another alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives is the manufacture of binderless wood-based panels, since wood represents a natural polymeric material abundant in lignocellulosic constituents, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Advanced Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites II

“…The transition towards a circular, low-carbon woodbased panel industry, increased environmental concerns related to the use of unsustainable petroleum-based resources and the strict legislative requirements of free formaldehyde release from engineered wood composites have tremendously increased the research and development of 'green', eco-friendly wood-based composites [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], optimal valorisation of available lignocellulosic resources [26][27][28][29][30], and use of alternative raw materials [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The adverse free formaldehyde emission from wood-based composites can be mitigated by coating the surfaces of finished composites, by adding various organic or inorganic formaldehyde scavengers to synthetic wood adhesives, or by using bio-based, environmentally friendly wood adhesives [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The manufacture of binderless wood-based composites is another viable option since wood as a natural raw material is composed of biopolymeric constituents, i.e., cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses [50][51][52][53][54].…”

Eco-Friendly Wood Composites: Design, Characterization and Applications

“…In this respect, novel requirements concerning free formaldehyde emissions from wood composites have posed novel challenges for both researchers and industrial practices related to the development of sustainable and ecofriendly wood composites, the optimization of available lignocellulosic raw materials, and the use of alternative natural and renewable feedstocks [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The harmful formaldehyde released from wood composites can be reduced by adding formaldehyde scavengers to conventional adhesive systems, through the surface treatment of finished wood composites, or by using novel biobased wood adhesives as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional thermosetting resins [39][40][41][42][43]. Another alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives is the manufacture of binderless wood-based panels, since wood represents a natural polymeric material abundant in lignocellulosic constituents, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”