Formality as a Style-Forming Property of Academic English: Synchronic Analysis of Medical Research Texts

Abstract

The paper discusses academic formality as a basic linguistic and stylistic property which indicates academic discourse. The objective of the research is to identify specific features and means of formality representation in medical discourse. The material of the research includes a corpus comprised of fifteen authentic open – access research articles published in European Journal of Epidemiology in 2019. The texts of the articles were processed within the framework of descriptive linguistic analysis. The quantitative analysis and statistic processing was performed with Compleat Lexical Tutor v.8.3. The results of the research have revealed lexical, syntactical, grammatical and stylistic means of formality representation in medical research texts. The lexical diversity coefficient ranges from 0.22 to 2.27, which demonstrates a high level of vocabulary complexity and a relatively low level of vocabulary diversity. The high level of lexical density is acquired by a frequent use of noun groups, nominalization and medical terminology including abbreviations and acronyms. Stylistic repetitions of vocabulary and syntactic structures are registered on all texts of the research corpus. Along with a widespread use of passive and impersonal structures the texts of the research have demonstrated a tendency to use subjective language (we / our pronouns) for an author stance. The authors have made a conclusion that this might be an indication of a shift towards simplicity and ersonification in academic formality representation.

Markers of Ethnocultural Identity in Medical Research Papers

“…Qualitative analysis criteria were selected through a set of parameters which reflect formality as a basic stylistic characteristic of academic writing [7]. These parameters covered terminological vocabulary, including abbreviations and acronyms, abstract nouns and noun groups, linguistic and stylistic repetitions, 1st person plural, complex sentences, passive constructions and cohesion phrases.…”

“…This can be considered a clear marker of Russian identity in the academic discourse. The following examples illustrate the described phenomenon: (7) According to anthopometrical reference data, 30/16.8% patients had normal weight; 90/50.6% patients were overweight; 49/27.5% patients had first-degree obesity. (RS) (8) For all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, we calculated the PPV for each dataset separately, and for all three combined.…”

“…Academic discourse is a multidimensional interdisciplinary phenomenon that has been studied by linguists both in Russia and abroad [3][4][5][6][7]. Findings from this continuing research can be a significant contribution to teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English for Academic Purposes (EAP) to Russian speakers including the academic community who participate in international exchange.…”