Formality Considered Harmful: Experiences, Emerging Themes, and Directions on the Use of Formal Representations in Interactive Systems

Shipman, Frank M.; Marshall, Catherine C.

doi:10.1023/a:1008716330212

Cited by 209 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…• capturing semantics from user interaction; • shielding the users from direct parameter manipulation; • incrementally co-creating of the spatialization through incremental model learning, to coincide with the incremental formalism [13] of the user.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a spatial workspace where users can manually manipulate the location of information, users build spatial structures to capture their synthesis of the information over time -a process referred to as "incremental formalism" [13][14][15]. Andrews et al found that intelligence analysts can make use of such spatial structures as a means to externalize insights during sensemaking, manually placing relevant documents in clusters on a large, high-resolution display [16,17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an important distinction, as it shows semantic interaction as providing a fundamentally different and richer method of interacting with visual analytic systems. As a result, semantic interaction enabled a analytic process similar to the effective spatial processes described in [13,16,34], where the informality of the spatial synthesis interactions were beneficial in supporting incremental formalism. However, unlike these examples where a majority of the spatialization is created manually, semantic interaction provides computational support.…”

Section: Shielding From Direct Model Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic Interaction for Sensemaking: Inferring Analytical Reasoning for Model Steering

Endert

Fiaux

North

2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

121

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Abstract-Visual analytic tools aim to support the cognitively demanding task of sensemaking. Their success often depends on the ability to leverage capabilities of mathematical models, visualization, and human intuition through flexible, usable, and expressive interactions. Spatially clustering data is one effective metaphor for users to explore similarity and relationships between information, adjusting the weighting of dimensions or characteristics of the dataset to observe the change in the spatial layout. Semantic interaction is an approach to user interaction in such spatializations that couples these parametric modifications of the clustering model with usersʼ analytic operations on the data (e.g., direct document movement in the spatialization, highlighting text, search, etc.). In this paper, we present results of a user study exploring the ability of semantic interaction in a visual analytic prototype, ForceSPIRE, to support sensemaking. We found that semantic interaction captures the analytical reasoning of the user through keyword weighting, and aids the user in co-creating a spatialization based on the userʼs reasoning and intuition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shielding From Direct Model Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic Interaction for Sensemaking: Inferring Analytical Reasoning for Model Steering

Endert

Fiaux

North

2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

121

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“…Sobering lessons on this theme have been drawn for group and organisational memory systems (Selvin,1999), and indeed, for any system that requires users to formalise information (Shipman and Marshall, 1999). Why should we succeed where others have failed?…”

Section: Perform Ontology-driven Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

Motta

Shum

Domingue

2000

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Abstract. In this paper we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of associating formal knowledge models to archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge services, beyond what is available using 'standard' information retrieval and search facilities. The approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In the paper we give an overview of the approach and discuss its application to the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines.

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“…Complicating the situation even more, representation is always set in the context of external political (Brown 2001) and cultural forces (Grudin 1988). As a result, representations based on models often do not reflect real-world practice by being too deterministic and inflexible (Shipman and Marshall 1999). Indeed, one might argue that the hallmark of CSCW research is that it has shown how users find creative workarounds to close the gap between what ''we must support socially and what we can support technically'' (Ackerman 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Life of Tunes: Representing the Aesthetics of Reception

Su¹

2013

ECSCW 2013: Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 21-25 September 2013, Paphos, C

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I report on two years of participant observation of traditional musicians in Dublin, Ireland. In Irish traditional music, players from all walks of life gather at pub sessions to play tunes together. Due to the ethos of traditional music, the representation of tunes is a constant aesthetic concern. Drawing on the aesthetics of reception, I show how arriving at the proper ''text'' of a tune poses unique challenges. Rather than simply reading notes on sheet music, traditional musicians must imaginatively read the creative text on a ''virtual space'' to create art. Making music involves a nuanced process of learning, knowing, and retaining a tune. The tune is not a static entity but one dynamically shaped by its social context and provenance. The social life of tunes suggests that technologies ought to support the practice of practicing seamlessly across the performance-oriented session and the solitary pursuit of skill, while allowing novices a way to conceptualize the historical flexibility of the tune. I will outline a new agenda of surveilling tradition to represent the aesthetics of reception. With the burgeoning interest in the collaborative work of tradition, this work provides new perspectives into the creative processes involved in representation.

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Formality Considered Harmful: Experiences, Emerging Themes, and Directions on the Use of Formal Representations in Interactive Systems

Cited by 209 publications

References 18 publications

Semantic Interaction for Sensemaking: Inferring Analytical Reasoning for Model Steering

Semantic Interaction for Sensemaking: Inferring Analytical Reasoning for Model Steering

Ontology-driven document enrichment: principles, tools and applications

The Social Life of Tunes: Representing the Aesthetics of Reception

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