Formate metabolism in young swine

Makar, A B; Tephly, Thomas R.; Şahin, Gönül; Osweiler, Gary D.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90192-w

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Formic acid and the formate ion participate in the one-carbon pool of intermediary metabolism (Cook et al, 2001;Fu et al, 2001). For this reason, their metabolism and disposition has been extensively studied in animals, but more recently they have also received considerable attention because of their role in the human toxicity of methyl alcohol and especially its effects on the visual system (Johlin et al, 1987;Makar et al, 1990;Liesivouri and Savolainen, 1991;Tephly, 1991;Cook et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Elimination of Formate Following Oral Administration of Calcium Formate in Female Human Subjects

Hanzlik

Fowler²,

Eells³

2004

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:Calcium formate is a water-soluble salt of an essential mineral nutrient with potential for use as a dietary calcium supplement. Formate ion is a product of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, but sustained high plasma formate concentrations (such as occur in cases of methanol poisoning) are toxic to the retina and optic nerve. Humans and primates have reduced capacity for formate oxidation compared with rodents and dogs and are thus more sensitive to methanol (and formate) intoxication. To assess the potential for accumulation of formate ion upon repeated administration of calcium formate as a potential dietary calcium supplement, we measured plasma concentrations of formate in 14 adult human subjects before and after oral administration of a single large dose of calcium formate (3900 mg; ca. 3-6 times the anticipated dose for calcium supplementation). Plasma formate concentrations increased briskly from 0.024 ؎ 0.008 mM (endogenous formate) to reach C max (0.50 ؎ 0.04 mM) at 60 min postdose and then declined with a half-life of 59 ؎ 7 min. By 225 min postdose, plasma formate concentration had returned to baseline. With such a short half-life, repeated use of calcium formate as a dietary supplement, even three times daily, should not lead to progressive accumulation of formate. These findings are discussed in light of the production of formate by endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism and the kinetics of formate during methanol poisoning.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Elimination of Formate Following Oral Administration of Calcium Formate in Female Human Subjects

Hanzlik

Fowler²,

Eells³

2004

Drug Metab Dispos

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“…Uma hipótese para explicar esse comportamento pode ser o menor status de folato sérico encontrado nos animais alimentados com os maiores níveis de ácido fólico (0,90 e 1,20 mg/kg). O menor aporte de folato pode ter causado acúmulo de formiato, em decorrência da limitada oxidação, visto que a taxa de oxidação do formiato depende do nível de folato no organismo (Partanen & Mroz, 1999), gerando acidose (Makar et al, 1990), limitando o consumo de ração e, conseqüente-mente, o ganho de peso (Giesting et al, 1991;Eckel et al, 1992a;Eidelsburger et al, 1992e;Grassmann et al, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A acumulação do formiato no sangue pode ocasionar ainda toxemia ocular e até morte (Makar et al, 1990;Teply, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Níveis de ácido fólico em dietas contendo ácido fórmico para leitões de 21 a 48 dias de idade

Corassa¹,

Lopes²,

Ostermann³

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de ácido fólico em dietas suplementadas com ácido fórmico para leitões de 21 a 48 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 160 leitões de 5,67 ± 0,90 kg, em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e quatro animais por repetição. Levels of folic acid in diets containing formic acid for piglets from 21 to 48 days old ABSTRACT -A trial was conduced with to evaluate the levels of folic acid in diets supplemented with formic acid for piglets from 21 to 48 days old. 160 crossbred piglets were used with initial average weight of 5.67 ± 0,90 kg in a completely randomized experimental block design, with five treatments, eight replications of four animals each. Two basal diets with increasing formic acid levels (0.24 and 0.20%) were formulated (pre-starter I = from 21 to 35 days old and pre-starter II = from 36 to 48 days old) to meet the animal nutritional requirements. The treatments consisted of five dietary levels of folic acid: 0, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, and 1.20 mg/kg. Piglets performance was evaluated at three periods: from 21 to 35 days, from 36 to 48 days and from 21 to 48 days. At 49 th day, animals were fasted and blood samples of eight piglets from each treatment were collected for folate quantification. No effect of dietary levels of folic acid on daily average feed intake was observed in the analyzed periods. Increasing folic acid levels increased quadractlyaverage daily weight gain and affected feed:gain ratio only from 21 to 35 days. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell values increased linearly with increasing folic acid levels.Serum folate values decreased as dietary folic acid levels increased. Diets with formic acid for piglets from 21 to 48 days old should be supplemented with 0.64 mg of folic acid per kg of diet.Key Words: acidifier, serum folate, hematocrit, hemogram, hemoglobin, performance IntroduçãoO desmame e os dias subseqüentes têm constituído, do ponto de vista nutricional, um período crítico no desenvolvimento de leitões. Para minimizar seus efeitos negativos, os nutricionistas têm utilizado aditivos, como os acidificantes, entre os quais destaca-se o ácido fórmico, um ácido orgânico utilizado com os objetivos de reduzir o pH do trato digestivo, aumentar a ação da pepsina, reduzir a taxa de esvaziamento do estômago, aumentar a digestão de peptídeos e reduzir a proliferação de patógenos (Lima, 1999).

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“…Little research on methanol metabolism or toxicity has been conducted in pigs. Makar et al (1990) reported that the pig, compared to all other species studies, has extremely low levels of folates and very low levels of a key enzyme in the folate pathway, 10-formyl H 4 folate dehydrogenase, suggesting the ability of the pig to dispose of formate is limited, and slower than that observed in rats or monkeys. However, Dorman et al (1993) When considering the potential for methanol and formate toxicity, it is interesting to note that in some countries, formaldehyde, a methanol metabolite, can be used as a silage preservative, and formic acid can be used in finished feeds to reduce bacterial loads.…”

Section: Fig 2 Methanol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%