Formation and distribution of haloacetic acids, THM and tox in chlorination of bromide-rich lake water

Heller-Grossman, Lilly; Manka, Josepha; Limoni-Relis, Bracha; Rebhun, M.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(93)90219-8

Cited by 132 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This result suggests that TCM and TCAA precursors are more hydrophobic, while the Hi fractions are important as Br-THM, Br-HAA and DCAA precursors. These results verified the hypothesis proposed by Heller-Grossman that chlorination was preferred by aromatic precursors, while bromination was preferred by aliphatic structures [23].…”

Section: Dbpfp Of Bj Lyg and Xz Raw Waters And The Corresponding Frasupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• The DBPFP of source waters did not correlate with the DOC value.• SUVA didn't represent the potential to form DBP in low-aromatic waters.• The Hi fraction played an important role in DBPFP for waters.• Phenolic hydroxyl group tended to form TCM and TCAA during chlorination.• Carboxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl groups tended to form DCAA and Br-DBP. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tThe characterization of DBP precursors from three source waters in China revealed that the DBPFP did not correlate with the DOC value. The Ho fraction mainly contained phenolic hydroxyl and conjugated double bonds which were reactive with chlorine to produce DBP, especially TCM and TCAA. The Hi fraction may contain more amino, carboxyl and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, which had the great potential to form DCAA and Br-DBP during chlorination. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tIn this study, the disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPFP) of three surface waters with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of 2.5, 5.2, and 7.9 mg/L was investigated. The formation and distribution of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were evaluated. Samples collected from three surface waters in China were fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The raw water containing more hydrophobic (Ho) fraction exhibited higher formation potentials of haloacetic acid and trihalomethane. The DBPFP of the surface waters did not correlate with the DOC value. The values of DBPFP per DOC were correlated with the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) for Ho and Hi fractions. The obtained results suggested that SUVA cannot reveal the ability of reactive sites to form disinfection byproducts for waters with few aromatic structures. Combined with the analysis of FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the raw waters and the corresponding fractions, it was concluded that the Ho fraction with phenolic hydroxyl and conjugated double bonds was responsible for the production of trichloromethanes and trichloroacetic acids. The Hi fraction with amino and carboxyl groups had the potential to form dichloroacetic acids and chlorinated trihalomethanes.

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Section: Dbpfp Of Bj Lyg and Xz Raw Waters And The Corresponding Frasupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Other DBP groups include HAAs (Heller-Grossman et at., 1993;Cowman and Singer, 1996), HANs (Oliver, 1983), halonitromethanes (Thibaud et al, 1987), and haloketones (Suffet et al, 1976) have later been detected in chlorinated drinking water. These organic DBPs have been identified in swimming pool water as well (Richardson et al, 2010), together with inorganic nitrogenous DBPs like trichloramine (NCl 3 ) (Hery et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particles in swimming pool filters – Does pH determine the DBP formation?

et al. 2012

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The formation was investigated for different groups of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination of filter particles from swimming pools at different pH values and the toxicity was estimated. Specifically, the formation of the DBP group trihalomethanes (THMs), which is regulated in many countries, and the non-regulated haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) were investigated at 6.0 ≤ pH ≤ 8.0, under controlled chlorination conditions. The investigated particles were collected from a hot tub with a drum micro filter. In two series of experiments with either constant initial active or initial free chlorine concentrations the particles were chlorinated at different pH values in the relevant range for swimming pools. THM and HAA formations were reduced by decreasing pH while HAN formation increased with decreasing pH. Based on the organic content the relative DBP formation from the particles was higher than previously reported for body fluid analogue and filling water. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity estimated from formation of DBPs from the treated particle suspension increased with decreasing pH. Among the quantified DBP groups the HANs were responsible for the majority of the toxicity from the measured DBPs.

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“…Correlations between UV 254 absorbance and THM species formation in finished water were also found to be relatively weak in this water system, with no seasonal effects on relationship effectiveness. If bromine is reactive with more aliphatic/drophilic structures whereas chlorine may be more reactive with more aromatic/hydrophobic structures as the collective results of some studies seem to suggest [27][28][29], a lack of observed relationship between concentrations of bromine-substituted THM species and a parameter that primarily measures aromatic organic properties would be expected. A more detailed examination of seasonal changes in organic DBP precursors in the Missouri River would be needed to more fully understand the reasons for the observed seasonal changes in THM speciation.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation In Bromine-substituted Thm Species Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar overall ineffectiveness of treatment processes on the formation potential of bromine-substituted THM species was recently noted in another facility by Farré et al [30] A fraction of the total organic molecules present in source water-particularly more-hydrophobic molecules-should be removed by these conventional water treatment processes; in contrast, bromide in source water is considered conservative in such processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that in at least some cases that the smaller [31] or aliphatic [28,32] organic molecules which can be more difficult to remove during water treatment may also be more susceptible to bromination. Conversely, a slight preference for chloroform formation over bromine-substituted THM formation has previously been noted with some model aromatic compounds [29].…”

Section: Impact Of Treatment Processes On Thm Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Bromine-Substituted DBP’s in Drinking Water

Wulff¹,

Inniss²,

Clevenger³

2013

JWARP

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Significant fractions of bromine-substituted disinfection byproducts (DBPs)-particularly trihalomethanes (THMs)-have been observed to form during treatment of water from the Missouri River. THM speciation was also noted to follow a seasonal pattern during a 2.5-year period, during which samples were collected multiple times per month. Although some treatment processes were effective at reducing the chloroform formation potential, no treatment used at this utility significantly reduced the formation of the three bromine-substituted THM species. Using chloramination rather than free chlorination for secondary disinfection, however, was effective at limiting increases in the concentration of all four regulated THM species in the distribution system.

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Formation and distribution of haloacetic acids, THM and tox in chlorination of bromide-rich lake water

Cited by 132 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from surface waters with low to high dissolved organic carbon and the related disinfection byproduct formation potential

Particles in swimming pool filters – Does pH determine the DBP formation?

Importance of Bromine-Substituted DBP’s in Drinking Water

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