Formation and growth mechanism of TiC terraces during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a FeTiC system

Zhang, M.X.; Hu, Qiao; Huo, Yanqiu; Huang, Bin; Li, J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.06.045

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The heat losses may probably reduce the rate at which the generation of new steps and the speed of growth for subsequent TiC layers occur. This was clearly seen for the reacted TiC layers where the lower layer is larger than the upper layer, a result that is consistent with the observation of Zhang et al during SHS synthesis of TiC [66].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These TiC layers can then continue to grow through a layer-by-layer process until a fully grown TiC grain is formed. Whether a perfect or an imperfect TiC grain is formed is likely dependent on the temperature, time and other thermodynamic conditions that could influence its growth sequence [44,66]. For the case of two or multiply stacked TiC crystals sharing a common edge or corner (as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of reaction sequences during MSR synthesis of TiC by controlled ball milling of titanium and graphite

Oghenevweta

Wexler

Całka

2018

Materials Characterization

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During reactive ball milling of Ti and C, mechanically induced self-propagating reaction (MSR) synthesis of TiC is reported to occur via a process including initial formation of small amounts of TiC prior to exothermic ignition, followed by MSR and the formation of stiochiometric TiC (Dorofeev et al., 2011; Oghenevweta et al., 2016 [1, 2]). However, both the chemical evolution and mechanisms of reaction and growth of TiC both prior to, during and after ignition are not fully understood. This research focuses on fundamental understanding of the reaction sequences during MSR synthesis of TiC from elemental Ti and C (graphite). Magnetically controlled ball milling of stoichiometric (1:1) powder mixtures of titanium (Ti) and graphite (C) was performed under He gas with the exothermic ignition point by determined via in-situ temperature measurement. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to interpret the reaction sequences. The reaction sequence involved the following: During milling prior to ignition, severely deformed Ti, spheriodised graphite and amorphous carbon forms, and minor amounts of off-stiochiometric nano-TiC 1−x crystals. In addition to the formation of TiC 1−x , XPS revealed the formation of oxide skins coating the surface regions of the milled powders. There is also an evolution towards stiochiometric TiC with increasing milling time. Immediately after ignition, a reacted product comprising a mixture of multi-layer stacks of thin TiC plates form, in addition to a matrix comprising large TiC particles which have been liquid phase sintered under the high local heat of reaction by thin layers of unreacted Ti. MSR occurs via a dual mechanism involving rapid growth of existing TiC, plus nucleation and growth of new TiC. High spatially resolved EELS combined with STEM revealed additional information about the inhomogeneous chemical environment of the milled powders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of reaction sequences during MSR synthesis of TiC by controlled ball milling of titanium and graphite

Oghenevweta

Wexler

Całka

2018

Materials Characterization

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“…Zhang et al (2012) [66] prepared TiC terraces by self-propagating hightemperature synthesis reaction with 10 wt. % Fe-Ti-C elemental powder mixtures.…”

Section: Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Carbide: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Mhadhbi¹

2020

BEN

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Composite materials are known in various forms. The two distinctive constituents of these composite materials are the matrix material and the reinforcement material. A variety of materials are used as reinforcing material in composites titanium carbide (TiC). TiC acquired considerable attention because of its unique properties, which make it very attractive for advanced applications. The current review summarizes various synthesis techniques to produce TiC nanocomposite and highlights the major industrial applications of TiC. It was found that for certain techniques, the TiC powder has been synthesized directly, with different shapes and sizes, within a relatively very short time by eliminating a number of intermediate processes. However, this review deals with the detailed literature survey carried out on the preparation of titanium carbide powder, and also covers analyzes the results from the experiments conducted on the preparation of powder by the works of several researchers. Therefore, in-depth conclusions have been done on the research processes that are being carried out on improving the properties of TiC reinforced composites.

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“…Многочисленные исследования продуктов синтеза в этих реакционных смесях посвящены термокинетическим характеристикам синтеза [19] и их влиянию на формирование структуры композита [20,21]. Исследована дисперсность карбидных частиц, растущих из расплава-раствора в волне горения, их морфология и кристаллографические особенности роста [22,23]. Исследован синтез как в волновом режиме горения, так и в режиме теплового взрыва [24][25][26].…”

Section: для цитированияunclassified

Study of Fe-matrix composites with carbide strengthening, formed by sintering of iron titanides and carbon mechanically activated mixtures

Pribytkov,

Baranovskiy,

Firsina

et al. 2024

Metal Working and Material Science

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Introduction. The addition of dispersed solid particles of refractory compounds (carbides, borides, silicides) to the structure of alloy is a widely used effective way to increase the wear resistance of steels and alloys. Composites with a matrix of iron-based alloys (steel and cast iron) strengthened by titanium carbide particles are of great practical interest. The main structural characteristics, which define hardness and wear resistance of the composites, are volume fraction, dispersion and morphology of the particles of the strengthening carbide phase. The structure of composites depends on the method of its preparation. The methods of powder metallurgy combined with preliminary mechanical activation of powder mixtures have become widespread. It is previously established that in mechanically activated powder mixtures of FTi35S5 ferrotitanium, consisting of 82 % of (Fe,Al)2Ti phase, and P-803 carbon black, a reaction occurs with the formation of a composite consisting of a steel binder and titanium carbide. The synthesis reaction of carbides occurs in a solid-phase mode at combustion’s temperatures of 900–950 °C. Therefore, there is no coarsening of the structure due to the growth of carbide particles, which is typical for reactions in the presence of a liquid phase. FTi35S5 alloy contains a plenty of impurities (silicon, aluminum and etc). The purpose of the work is to investigate the phase composition and structure of the products of the interaction of Fe2Ti and FeTi iron titanides with carbon under the conditions of reaction sintering of mechanically activated powder mixtures and to determine the possibility of synthesizing iron-matrix composites strengthened with submicron titanium carbide particles. Research methods. The structure and phase composition of sintered compacts from mechanically activated powders were studied by optical metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using determination of the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Experimental technique. The reaction mixtures were prepared using intermetallic powders obtained by vacuum sintering of compacts from iron and titanium powder mixtures of 2Fe+Ti and Fe+Ti compositions. Carbon black was added to the intermetallic powders to convert all the titanium containing in the intermetallic compounds into carbide. The titanides – carbon black mixtures were processed by an Activator 2S planetary ball mill for 10 min milling time at a rotation speed of 755 rpm (40g). The mechanically activated mixtures were cold compacted into cylindrical samples with a diameter of 20 mm, which were sintered in vacuum at а temperature of 1,200 °C and an isothermal holding time of 60 minutes. Results and discussion. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, almost all titanium contained in iron titanides reacts with carbon to form carbide and reduced iron. The sintering products of compacts of both compositions contain target phases: titanium carbide with a slight shift from the equiatomic ratio and α-iron, which has the lattice parameters close to the reference data, and also a few of other phases. The titanium carbide particles in the iron binder were identified on the back-scattered electron (BSE) images due to the tonal contrast: the heavy iron appears darker against the carbide, which is composed of lighter elements. According to EDX analysis, the relative content of titanium and carbon in the carbide particles indeed corresponds to the composition of non-stoichiometric titanium carbide. Conclusion. The composites including titanium carbide and α-iron binder were obtained by sintering of iron titanides and carbon (carbon black) mechanically activated powder mixtures. The granules of composite powders obtained by crushing of sintered compacts are of interest as feedstocks for wear-resistant coatings and additive technologies, as well as for manufacturing of dense materials by other compaction methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) or hot pressing (HP).

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Formation and growth mechanism of TiC terraces during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a FeTiC system

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Study of reaction sequences during MSR synthesis of TiC by controlled ball milling of titanium and graphite

Study of reaction sequences during MSR synthesis of TiC by controlled ball milling of titanium and graphite

Titanium Carbide: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Study of Fe-matrix composites with carbide strengthening, formed by sintering of iron titanides and carbon mechanically activated mixtures

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