Formation and Movement of<sup>14</sup>C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Clay Loam Soil in the Field

Sorenson, B. A.; Koskinen, William C.; Buhler, Douglas D.; Wyse, Donald L.; Lueschen, W. E.; Jorgenson, M. D.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500077043

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The increasing rate of atrazine mineralization throughout all the incubation period observed in the BC horizon could indicate a natural contamination of atrazine‐degrading micro‐organisms from the surface reaching the subsoil through fissures in the soil profile because of the presence of an argilic horizon (Bt) (Jury & Flühler, 1992). Sorenson et al. (1993, 1994) showed a higher mobility of atrazine in a clay loam profile than in a sandy profile.…”

Section: C‐atrazine Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Hang¹,

Barriuso²,

Houot³

2005

Weed Research

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Summary Atrazine behaviour was investigated in the different pedological horizons from profiles of two non‐tilled soils, a Typic Argiustoll and an Entic Haplustoll from the Argentinean pampas. As atrazine use in field conditions was associated with maize cropping, only one type of soil received atrazine every other year. Atrazine behaviour was characterized through the balance of 14C‐U‐ring atrazine radioactivity among the mineralized fraction, the extractable fraction and the non‐extractable bound residues. The composition of the extractable fraction was characterized. Atrazine mineralization was the main dissipation mechanism in the superficial horizon of the Argiustoll because of microbial adaptation after repeated atrazine applications. In contrast, little atrazine mineralization was found in the Haplustoll profile, and it decreased with depth. The capacity of the soil organic matter to form bound residues was characterized using soil‐size fractionation. Atrazine‐bound residues depended on the soil organic matter content and the size of the fraction. Organic matter in the largest size fractions had a higher capacity to form atrazine‐bound residues. In the Argiustoll profile, the atrazine degradation capacity decreased in the subsurface horizons (Bt1 and Bt2), where a large part of bound residues were formed. The deepest horizon (BC) of this profile had a high capacity to degrade atrazine reaching this horizon after a lag period. In the Haplustoll profile, atrazine mineralization and bound residue formation followed the organic carbon mineralization pattern.

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Section: C‐atrazine Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Hang¹,

Barriuso²,

Houot³

2005

Weed Research

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“…An initial period of limited microbial decomposition (lag phase) has been observed under a variety of conditions for xenobiotics in ground water (Williams et al, 2003;Broholm and Arvin, 2000;Sorenson et al, 1994;Swindoll et al, 1988). None of the aquifers used in this study had detectable background levels of atrazine; therefore, it is likely the microorganisms had not been previously exposed to atrazine.…”

Section: Atrazine Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Atrazine and Alachlor in Ground Water Aquifers and Soil

Schwab

Splichal

Banks

2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Degradation of atrazine and alachlor in saturated aquifer materials and soil was studied in the laboratory. A static aquifer was represented by a set of stagnant flasks and a well-mixed aquifer was simulated by recirculating columns. Water was tested at selected time intervals over six months and analyzed for herbicides and metabolites. Under all conditions, atrazine was more persistent than alachlor. Increased temperature had little effect on atrazine dissipation but did increase alachlor degradation rates, especially in the sterilized treatments. The addition of carbon and nitrogen prolonged the initial period before the onset of degradation in some of the columns. Enhanced mass transfer of the herbicides, nutrients, and oxygen in the recirculating columns dramatically increased dissipation of atrazine and alachlor. The degradation rates of atrazine and alachlor were 2 to 5 times faster in the recirculating columns than in the stagnant flasks. Atrazine was more persistent in the aquifer materials than in the soils, while alachlor dissipation was similar in the soils and recirculating aquifer columns, but was slower in the stagnant flasks. The prolonged persistence of atrazine under static, aquifer conditions (t 1/2 = 206 to 710 days) indicates that natural mechanisms are not sufficient to alleviate the risk of atrazine buildup over time; however, in a well mixed aquifer, atrazine degradation rates should be higher (t 1/2 = 66 to 106 days) and the threat of atrazine accumulation is diminished. Alachlor persistence at low concentrations (<10 μg L −1 ) in aquifers should not pose a long-term threat to ground water supplies.

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“…Atrazine degradation in soils occurrs both via chemical and biological processes, resulting in the formation of metabolites that are more (i.e., deethylatrazine) or less (i.e., hydroxyatrazine) mobile than atrazine (Adams and Thurman, 1991; Sorenson et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Degradation of ¹⁴C‐Atrazine Bound Residues in Brown Soil and Rendzina Fractions

Munier-Lamy¹,

Feuvrier²,

Choné

2002

J of Env Quality

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The remobilization and the fate of 14C-ring labeled atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) bound residues was examined in relation with the turnover of natural soil organic matter. Soil fractions of a brown soil and a rendzina were incubated under controled laboratory conditions. The mineralization of natural organic matter and atrazine-bound residues was respectively estimated by the amounts of CO2 and 14CO2 evolved during the incubation. The remobilization and distribution of 14C residues among the soil organic fractions were achieved after physical-chemical extractions of the samples. Comparisons of samples in abiotic and biotic conditions allowed us to assess the influence of microbial activity on the fate of atrazine-bound residues. The mineralization curves showed that natural organic matter and atrazine-bound residues had similar decomposition patterns. After 100 d of incubation, 0.8 to 3.6% of total organic C was evolved as CO2, while only 0.1% of the initial radioactivity was mineralized as CO2, and 7 to 15% was becoming extractable with water and methanol. Few differences were observed in the distribution of residues within organic compounds for both fractions of the rendzina, except a decrease of the 14C radioactivity of the 50- to 5000-microm fraction and a slight increase of that of humin. For the 0- to 5000-microm brown soil fraction, increased radioactivity in humin at the expense of humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids was detected after incubation, while for the 0- to 50-microm fraction more radioactivity was recovered with FA.

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Formation and Movement of¹⁴C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Clay Loam Soil in the Field

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Persistence of Atrazine and Alachlor in Ground Water Aquifers and Soil

Degradation of ¹⁴C‐Atrazine Bound Residues in Brown Soil and Rendzina Fractions

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Formation and Movement of14C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Clay Loam Soil in the Field

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non‐till soil profiles

Persistence of Atrazine and Alachlor in Ground Water Aquifers and Soil

Degradation of 14C‐Atrazine Bound Residues in Brown Soil and Rendzina Fractions

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Formation and Movement of¹⁴C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Clay Loam Soil in the Field

Degradation of ¹⁴C‐Atrazine Bound Residues in Brown Soil and Rendzina Fractions