Formation and reactivity of free radicals in 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde – the effect on isoprenaline photostability

Brustugun, Jørgen; Tønnesen, Hanne; Edge, Ruth; Navaratnam, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.12.005

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxyaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, n-tridecane, and globulol are reported to possess antimicrobial activity [ 10 , 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 ]. The presence of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxyaldehyde and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one in the phytonutrients is attributed to their anti-inflammatory potentials [ 11 – 13 , 15 ]. 2-(1-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) acetic acid and 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxyaldehyde have been reported to have antihepatotoxic effect [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala Sond. in Wistar Rats

Balogun

Ashafa

2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The present study evaluated the safety of aqueous root extract of Dicoma anomala (AQRED) through acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Single oral dose of AQRED at the concentration of 0, 5, 300, and 2000 mg/kg as well as 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day was administered to rats for 14-day acute and 90-day subchronic oral toxicity studies. The results revealed no mortalities or observed clinical signs of toxicity in all the rats during both investigation periods. In subchronic toxicity testing, administration of AQRED also did not cause any changes in body weight as well as food and water consumption patterns. The haematological parameters and blood chemistry revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the treatment and the control except in platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, and sodium levels where there was a significant increase (p < 0.05), although there was also a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and creatinine when compared to control. However, these changes were not reflecting the results from histology. Conclusively, the obtained results suggested that the LD50 of AQRED is in excess of 2000 mg/kg and its oral administration for 90 days revealed that it is unlikely to be toxic, hence, safe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala Sond. in Wistar Rats

Balogun

Ashafa

2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Indeed, it can be used to treat several conditions, such as hay asthma, worm infestations, bronchial disease, kidney stones, and bowel disease (Sharma et al 2007 ; Salles et al 1999 ). Researchers have reported the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (Brustugun et al 2005 ; Xu et al 2007 ). Graff and Pollack ( 2005 ) reported the protective effect of hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde against liver injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activities of Euphorbia hirta extract in neonatal asthmatic rats

et al. 2018

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The current study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activities of Euphorbia hirta extract in neonatal asthmatic rats. Rats were assigned to the following groups: group I, sham (normal rats); group II, control (asthmatic rats); group III, E. hirta extract (100 µg/100 µl) and group IV, E. hirta extract (200 µg/100 µl). We performed a phytoscreening analysis of E. hirta extract. Inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers, apoptosis, and a histopathological analysis were carried out. An open field test determined anxiolytic activity, an elevated plus maze, a hole board test, and a cross test. The presence of 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, pentadecylic acid, ethyl linoleate, 1,2,3-trihydroxy benzene, gamma-tocopherol, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, myristic acid, 7,10-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, phytol, ethyl palmitate, and squalene in E. hirta extract was noted. Following treatment with E. hirta extract, total leukocytes, eosinophils, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and lipid peroxidation were reduced, whereas antioxidant levels were increased. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-3, p53, nerve growth factor precursor, and Bax were reduced, whereas that of Bcl-2 was increased. Apoptosis and caspase-3 protein expression were significantly reduced. Treatment of rats with E. hirta extract significantly reduced inflammation and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. Taken together, these results led us to conclude that E. hirta extract has anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects on neonatal asthmatic rats with inflammation.

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“…Table is an adaptation of information from the IESNA Handbook (chapters ) describing recommended illuminance levels for many common environments, including detailed recommendations for settings such as health care facilities, residences, and retail locations. These values are derived from studies assessing how well the light supports the visual activities common to each setting and take into consideration the age of observers.…”

Section: Relevant Light Sources To Consider For Evaluating In‐use Phomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the intensity of outdoor lighting and presence of high energy wavelengths, it is particularly critical to perform relevant in‐use photostability testing for products that might be employed in an outdoor setting. For example, the absorption spectrum of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (a photosensitizing impurity in glucose‐containing infusions) has its maximum in the UVB (280–320 nm), and thus has been shown to be of concern for the photostability of products exposed to outdoor lighting . For outdoor lighting, the most important considerations are geographic location on the earth and time of day, as these two variables can play a major role in the amount of sunlight that impinges on the product.…”

Section: Summary Of Recommended Photostability Testing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of In-Use Photostability: Proposed Guidance for Photostability Testing and Labeling to Support the Administration of Photosensitive Pharmaceutical Products, Part 1: Drug Products Administered by Injection

Baertschi

Clapham

Foti

et al. 2013

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Formation and reactivity of free radicals in 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde – the effect on isoprenaline photostability

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala Sond. in Wistar Rats

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala Sond. in Wistar Rats

Anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activities of Euphorbia hirta extract in neonatal asthmatic rats

Implications of In-Use Photostability: Proposed Guidance for Photostability Testing and Labeling to Support the Administration of Photosensitive Pharmaceutical Products, Part 1: Drug Products Administered by Injection

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