“…Meanwhile, the Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , F -, HPO 4 2-ions from the CaP solution would migrate into the vacancies created by ions loss in dentinal HA lattice, and then incorporate into an precipitated apatitic layer that had lower CO 3 2-ion concentration and higher F-ion concentration, which ultimately attributed to lower solubility and better acid resistance. Furthermore, this ion exchange process in combined with mechanical boding would provide the CaP precipitates more resistant to physical abrasión [30,[32][33][34][35]. In addition, CaP solution possessed antibacterial activity since F-and Zn 2+ ions can reduce the metabolism rate of oral bacteria [36], inhibit bacterial growth and colonization [37].…”