Formation of a wear resistant non-metallic protective layer on PVD-coated cutting and forming tools

Harju, E.; Kivivuori, Seppo; Korhonen, Ari

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00771-3

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It correlates to a decreased power consumption (force, torque), a higher productivity (metal removal rate), a controlled chip breakage, and an increased tool life (decreased tool wear) [ 25 , 28 , 30 , 32 ]. Moreover, the improved machinability is often linked to a formation of a so called protective layer [ 5 , 28 , 30 , 69 ]. The supporting argument is usually based on SEM analysis of a cutting surface of tool and detection of elements like Ca, Al, O, Mn, S etc.…”

Section: Control and Correction Of Non-metallic Inclusions For Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Steels

2015

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Considerable research has been conducted over recent decades on the role of non-metallic inclusions and their link to the machinability of different steels. The present work reviews the mechanisms of steel fractures during different mechanical machining operations and the behavior of various non-metallic inclusions in a cutting zone. More specifically, the effects of composition, size, number and morphology of inclusions on machinability factors (such as cutting tool wear, power consumption, etc.) are discussed and summarized. Finally, some methods for modification of non-metallic inclusions in the liquid steel are considered to obtain a desired balance between mechanical properties and machinability of various steel grades.

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Section: Control and Correction Of Non-metallic Inclusions For Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Steels

2015

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“…For example, based on the investigation of the surface and the cross-section of the cutting tools, the formation of the tool protection layer by NMIs has been described by several groups. [3][4][5]7,[14][15][16] Here, the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and EPMA results have sufficiently confirmed the role of inclusions containing Ca, Mn, S, Al, and Si during machining. [3][4][5]7,14,15) In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has also been applied to investigate the structure and composition of the built-up layer on coated tools by Larsson et al 16) Most of the studies mentioned above did not focus on a more in-depth investigation of the chip during machining of steels related to the non-metallic inclusion characteristics in metals.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Investigations Of Non-metallic Inclusions In Stainless Steels Before and After Machiningmentioning

confidence: 81%

Three-dimensional Investigations of Non-metallic Inclusions in Stainless Steels before and after Machining

Karasev

Jönsson

2021

ISIJ Int.

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The focus of this study is to investigate non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in stainless steels before (in steel samples) and after machining (in steel chips). In this study, the electrolytic extraction (EE) technique was used to extract non-metallic inclusions from steel samples. This makes it possible to investigate NMIs on film filters as three-dimensional objects by using SEM. The characteristics of NMIs in steel and chips have been systematically investigated and compared. Based on the results, it was found that the morphology of NMIs was significantly changed after machining. Overall, three different main shapes of NMIs were found: 1) a similar shape, 2) a stretched shape, and 3) a brittlely fractured shape. Furthermore, the degree of deformation of MnS and soft oxide NMIs in different zones of the chips depends on the distances from the contact zone of the tool and the chip. The total areas of MnS and soft oxides in the secondary deformation zone were increased by up to 2-3 times compared to that of the reference steel sample. This study also shows the advantages of the EE method in investigating NMIs in chips compared to using the conventional two-dimensional investigations of NMIs on the polished metal surface.

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“…Therefore, MnS inclusions are less detrimental to the flank wear of a cutting tool. In addition, MnS inclusions promote the formation of protective slag deposits (often rich in calcium) on the cutting tool surface, which can reduce the flank and crater wear rate . It means that the formation of (Mn,Ca)S and (Al,Mg)O–(Mn,Ca)S inclusions can protect the cutting tool at the tool edge–chip interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Microstructure and Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Clean Steels

Ånmark

Karasev

Jönsson

2016

steel research int.

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This study focused on the evaluation of the machinability of different carburising steel grades by using a cemented carbide cutting tool during semi finishing of steel. The effect of the steel composition, microstructure and inclusion characteristics on the cutting tool wear in the soft part turning was evaluated for a reference steel R (0.028% S, 0.0009% O), a clean C steel (0.003% S, 0.0005% O), and an UC ultra clean steel (0.002% S, 0.0004% O). An improved cutting tool life of about 10-25% was obtained when machining the reference steel R. The favorable machining performance of this steel was attributed to its higher content of non-metallic inclusions, larger grain size and lower micro hardness than that of the clean steels.

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Formation of a wear resistant non-metallic protective layer on PVD-coated cutting and forming tools

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

The Effect of Different Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Steels

The Effect of Different Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Steels

Three-dimensional Investigations of Non-metallic Inclusions in Stainless Steels before and after Machining

The Influence of Microstructure and Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Machinability of Clean Steels

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