Formation of antimonate in co-precipitation reaction of As, Sb and Bi in copper electrolytes

Xiao, Faxin; Mao, Jianwei; Dao, Cao; Shen, Xiaoni; Ren, Fengzhang

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2012.05.001

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The sole arsenate theory is insufficient to explain why Sb(III,V) content is remarkably larger than that of As(III,V) and Bi(III) both in the anodic slimes and industrial filter residue [130]. On the other hand, the formation of antimonate (QSbO4) and Sb(III,V)-Bi(III) oxide may not only well explain for the higher contents of Sb(III,V) in the industrial residue, but also partly explains the significant role of As(III) and Sb(V) ions in removal of As(III,V), Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) impurities.…”

Section: Qsbo4mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, during Cu-ER, while As dissolves extensively in the electrolyte at 2-22 g/l and <4% precipitates as As-Sb and As-Sb-Bi oxides in addition to (Cu,Sn,Sb,Bi)AsO4, Pb5(AsO4)3(OH,Cl) and an oxidate phase mainly Cu-Ag-As-S-O [7]. The Sb and Bi impurities are partly report to the anode slime (favoured by Pb, As, Se, Te which need to be recycled [6]) and the rest dissolved along with Cu(II) from the anode in the electrolyte and gradually accumulate in the Cu-ER electrolyte, which results in a variety of intolerable problems, such as anode passivation, cathodes contamination and floating slime formation [2,[6][7]18,20,[25][26][130][131][132][133]. High level of As in the electrolyte precipitate Sb and Bi impurities as As-Sb-Bi oxide and (Sb,Bi)AsO4 [6,7,18,27,117,134].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These ionic and neutral species easily interact with each other to form arsenate, antimonate and other insoluble compounds forming solid solutions either autogeneously or rapidly by homogeneous reactions, native seed addition, or heterogeneous surfaces [6,14,136,[139][140][141][142]. The floating slimes [117] are formed away from the anode as solid solutions of (Sb,Bi)AsO4 (0.35-1.34 g2/l2 at 65oC [143]), (As,Bi)SbO4.xH2O [6,74,[130][131][132][133] and/or Sb(OH)2.Sb(OH)6 which need control [117].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Homogeneous Precipitation: A part of the As(III,V), Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) impurities can spontaneously precipitate from the electrolyte to the anode mud (slimes, sludge or residue) during Cu-ER [25][26][27]117,[130][131][132][133][134][202][203][204]. Meanwhile, hydrometallurgical electrolytes purification technologies based hetero-geneous precipitation reactions with M(II) [18] (viz., Ba, Sr, Sn, Pb [27]) and homo-geneous co-precipitation reactions among As(III,V), Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) impurities in the bath have been utilized in the copper smelting industry [21,[25][26][27]117,134,136], however, until now the purification mechanisms have not been fully understood [130][131][132][133]. The slow arsenate and/or antimonate formed from As(V) and/or Sb(V), Q(III) (Q = As, Sb and Bi) are the main reasons of Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) removal by As(III,V) [27,74,117,134] and Sb(III,V).…”

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Copper Refining Electrolyte and Slime Processing - Emerging Techniques

Acharya

2013

AMR

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Copper electro-refining (Cu-ER) is the principal method for producing >70% of high or 99.97% pure copper cathodes from 97-99% pure blister/fire refined-scrap copper anodes. While the inert and most of less soluble impurities settle as anode slime/sludge, other soluble impurities, particularly the metalloids (group VA/15 elements or Q: As, Sb and Bi) and some transition metals (Mt) co-dissolved with Cu(II). Since the soluble impurities build up in the copper refining electrolyte (CRE) which need monitoring and control to prevent contamination of the cathodes and passivation of the anodes before bleeding for spent CRE reprocessing. There is a high demand for pure electrorefined copper and electrolyte additives are added to the CRE to prevent nodulation or control the chemical and physical properties of copper cathodes. Various hydrometallurgical methods such as precipitation, adsorption, electro-dialysis, electro-winning, ion exchange and solvent extraction have been developed with some success to control the CRE impurities. So some emerging technologies for improved monitoring and control of the metalloid impurities in CRE and slime as well as development of saleable byproduct recovery (As, Sb, Bi) are briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the precipitation for the metalloid slime resource recycling and product development.

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Section: Qsbo4mentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

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Copper Refining Electrolyte and Slime Processing - Emerging Techniques

Acharya

2013

AMR

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“…As(V) and Sb(V) can form a series of arsenato antimonic acids (AAAc), which can further react with As(III), Sb(III), and Bi(III) to form arsenato antimonates [1,7]. As(V), Sb(III) and Bi(III) can form arsenates [8] and Sb(V) plays a substantial role in the formation of floating slimes [9][10][11], which are amorphous and chemically undefined compounds that may contain Sb(III), Sb(V), Bi(III), As(V) and As(III) [12,13]. Floating slimes are commonly avoided by controlling the total antimony concentration in the electrolyte below 0.5 g L −1 [13] by maintaining the concentration of arsenic in the electrolyte above 6-7 g L −1 and an As/(Sb+Bi) molar ratio above 1.5-2 in the anodes [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Sb Impurities in Copper Electrolyte and Evaluation of As and Fe Species in an Electrorefining Plant

Torres

Moats

Ríos

et al. 2021

Metals

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Antimony and arsenic concentrations and their oxidation states (Sb(III), Sb(V), As(III) and As(V)) in copper electrorefining electrolyte can affect copper cathode quality through the formation of floating slimes. A laboratory-scale pilot plant was operated to remove Sb from commercial electrolyte. The pilot plant consisted of a pre-treatment process with copper shavings followed by ion exchange. The results indicated that Sb(III) was removed from copper electrolyte completely, while Sb(V) was partially eliminated. The concentrations of As(III) and As(V) were not affected, and the poisoning of the ion exchange resin by Fe(III) was avoided by pre-reduction to Fe(II) by copper shavings. The operation configuration of the pilot plant was applied to the design of an industrial plant for Sb/Bi removal at the Atlantic Copper Refinery in Huelva, Spain. The evolution of Sb, Fe and As species in the commercial electrolyte was monitored prior to and after the installation of the Sb/Bi removal plant. The results show a ca. 45% decrease in total Sb content (from 0.29 g L−1 to 0.16 g L−1) in the electrolyte. This reduction is more noticeable for Sb(III), whose concentration decreased from 0.18 g L−1 to 0.09 g L−1, whereas Sb(V) concentration diminished from 0.11 g L−1 to 0.07 g L−1. The resin also retained ca. 75% of the Bi content (0.15–0.22 g L−1). The total As increased during the study period (from 7.7 to 9.0 g L−1) due to changes in plant inputs. Arsenic was predominantly As(V) (ca. 93–95%). The total Fe concentration experienced little variation (0.9–1.1 g L−1) with Fe(II) being the main species (ca. 94–96%).

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