Formation of Conjugated Material during Bleaching of Vegetable Oils<sup>1,2</sup>

Mitchell, J. H.; Kraybill, H. R.

doi:10.1021/ja01256a069

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…With an average of 4.5 double bonds per triglyceride,10 soybean oil is only moderately active toward free radical species, but the reactivity can be considerably increased by the conjugation of the carbon–carbon double bonds of the fatty acid chains. Several studies regarding the double‐bond isomerization of vegetable oils have been reported in the literature 16–19. Our group has developed a homogeneous isomerization procedure employing [RhCl(C 8 H 14 ) 2 ] 2 as a precatalyst 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Quirino

Larock

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The tensile and flexural properties of new thermosetting composites made by the free radical polymerization of a conjugated soybean oil (CSO)-based resin reinforced with soy hulls have been determined for various resin compositions. The effects of reinforcement particle size and filler/resin ratio have been assessed. The thermal stability of the new materials has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the wt % of oil incorporation has been calculated after Soxhlet extraction (the extracts have been identified by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy). The resin consists initially of 50 wt % CSO and varying amounts of divinylbenzene (DVB; 5-15 wt %), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD; 0-10 wt %), and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA; 25-35 wt %). Two soy hull particle sizes have been tested (<177 and <425 lm) and two different filler/resin ratios have been compared (50 : 50 and 60 : 40). An appropriate cure sequence has been established by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results show a decrease in the properties whenever DVB or BMA is substituted by DCPD. Also, larger particle sizes and higher filler/resin ratios are found to have a negative effect on the tensile properties of the new materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Quirino

Larock

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Our method is particularly interesting to detect the use of fully hydrogenated oil in mixtures with refined (or virgin) oils. Such samples cannot be identified by means of geometrical isomers of unsaturated fatty acids [20,21] or conjugated trienoic fatty acids [16]. Limitations of the method are that the content of hydrogenated oil must be at least 5% for identification.…”

Section: Total Phytol Content Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, different marker substances have been established in the past [6,15]. For instance, conjugated trienoic fatty acids are produced during bleaching, and their UV detection has been used for the determination of refined oils [16]. Other analytical methods were based on the determination of 3,5-steradienes (formed from phytosterols during bleaching and deodorizing of vegetable oils) or degradation products of chlorophyll (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dihydrophytol and phytol isomers as marker substances for hydrogenated and refined vegetable oils

Schröder

Lehnert

Hammann

et al. 2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Edible vegetable oils are an important part of the human diet. Products with different levels of processing are marketed for this purpose. Key-products are virgin oils, refined oils, and partly or fully hydrogenated oils. In this study we explored whether compounds derived from trans-phytol, i.e. the natural constituent of chlorophyll, could serve as marker compounds for identifying the processing type of oils, spreads and margarines. The evaluation was based on the contribution of the native trans-phytol along with its transformation products cis-and iso-phytol as well as dihydrophytol. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode enabled the detection of these compounds at >0.01 mg/100 g oil or fat. In virgin vegetable oils trans-phytol was the principle phytol related compound while cis-phytol was generally <0.05% and iso-phytol and dihydrophytol were not detected at all. Refined vegetable oils contained trans-, cis-, and iso-phytol but no dihydrophytol. Partly and totally hydrogenated vegetable oils contained dihydrophytol if at least 5% hydrogenated fat were present in the oil. The occurrence of cis-and iso-phytol in vegetable oils can be used as indicators for refined oils while the presence of dihydrophytol in vegetable oils is an indication for hydrogenation.Practical applications: The analysis of trans-phytol, cis-phytol, iso-phytol, and dihydrophytol can be used in food control for oil authentication. In this context iso-phytol can serve as an additional marker for refined vegetable oils and dihydrophytol as a marker for hydrogenated vegetable oils.

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“…(AUED-PIMENTEL; ALMEIDA-GONÇALVES; MANCINI-FILHO, 1993;MITCHEL;KRAYBILL, 1942;O'CONNOR et al, 1949). The presence of these compounds in vegetable oils can be detected by increased ultraviolet absorption at 270 nm (APARICIO, 2003; AUED-PIMENTEL; ALMEIDA-GONÇALVES; MANCINI-FILHO, 1993).…”

Section: Determination Of Stigmastadienementioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmastadiene and specific extitntion (270 nm) to evaluate the presence of refined oils in virgin olive oil commercialized in Brazil

et al. 2013

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Formation of Conjugated Material during Bleaching of Vegetable Oils^1,2

Cited by 44 publications

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Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Dihydrophytol and phytol isomers as marker substances for hydrogenated and refined vegetable oils

Stigmastadiene and specific extitntion (270 nm) to evaluate the presence of refined oils in virgin olive oil commercialized in Brazil

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Formation of Conjugated Material during Bleaching of Vegetable Oils1,2

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Synthesis and properties of soy hull‐reinforced biocomposites from conjugated soybean oil

Dihydrophytol and phytol isomers as marker substances for hydrogenated and refined vegetable oils

Stigmastadiene and specific extitntion (270 nm) to evaluate the presence of refined oils in virgin olive oil commercialized in Brazil

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Formation of Conjugated Material during Bleaching of Vegetable Oils^1,2