Formation of Elements and Compounds in Space in Early Universe

Abstract

At the end of the period of contraction of the universe, all objects transform into gravity particles such as photons and electron-positron pairs which exist in virtual state in spacetime at an extremely high temperature. These particles move with extremely high speed comparable to the speed of light. As the early universe starts cooling, the speed of the particles starts to decrease when photons and electron-positron pairs move out of spacetime and appear as real particles. As the temperature continues to fall due to cooling, the electron-positron pairs start forming quarks (u and d) while simultaneously the energy of photons transform into dark matter. The u quarks and d quarks then continue to form nuclei of different elements including radio elements. Simultaneously, the lighter elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, etc. form the precursors to DNAs and RNAs of living organisms.

Beginning of Life on Planets

“…Previously, this author (Bhuiyan, 2016) predicted that, starting with photons in reversible equilibrium with electron-positron pairs at the beginning of the universe, all chemical elements and their compounds including the complex (or mixed) oxides had formed in space in the early universe. Since the temperature at that time was very high, all these substances including water existed in the gaseous state.…”