Formation of grain chalkiness and changes in water distribution in developing rice caryopses grown under high-temperature stress

Ishimaru, Tsutomu; Horigane, Akemi K.; Ida, Masashi; Iwasawa, Norio; San-oh, Yumiko; Nakazono, Mikio; Nishizawa, Naoko K.; Masumura, Takehiro; Kondo, Motohiko; Yoshida, Mitsuru

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2009.04.011

Cited by 138 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A common feature of the opaque tissues, the disorganized starch granules, was noted (Del Rosario et al, 1968;Tashiro and Ebata, 1975;Lisle et al, 2000;Fitzgerald et al, 2009;Ishimaru et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2009). We compared morphological traits between white-belly and white-core tissues, and found that most starch granules in white-belly tissues were surrounded by globular protein bodies, with many air spaces between them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Endosperm Structure of White-Belly and White-Core Rice Grains Shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Zhang

et al. 2014

Plant Production Science

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mentioning

confidence: 82%

Endosperm Structure of White-Belly and White-Core Rice Grains Shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Zhang

et al. 2014

Plant Production Science

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“…On the other hand, Ishimaru et al (2009) 7) have reported that the α-amylase mRNA was not detected in the central part of endosperm tissue during grain filling, claiming that starch degradation by α-amylase was not the cause of the formation of chalky grain. However, it was shown that RNAi-mediated suppression of α-amylase genes in ripening seeds resulted in fewer chalky grains under high-temperature conditions, and the extent of the decrease in the ratio of chalky grains was highly correlated to decreases in the expression of Amy1A, Amy1C, Amy3A and Amy3B.…”

Section: Breaking Test Of Cooked Rice Of Perfect and Chalky Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Opaque and Translucent Parts of High Temperature Stressed Grains of Rice

et al. 2013

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Global warming is one of the most serious environmental problems we are having today. The average temperature of Japan actually increased about 1 C during the last 100 years. High temperature stress during rice ripening periods causes a decrease in not only grain yield but also grain appearance quality. The presence or absence of chalk appearance is an important quality characteristic in rice. It is widely known that the occurrence of chalky grains of rice including whitecore, white-belly, white-base and white-back kernels is increased by high temperature stress during grain filling. 1)Several research groups have investigated morphological properties of chalky grains, showing that abnormal starch granules were loosely packed in the chalky grains.2-7) The surface of round-shaped starch granules in the chalky grains caused by high temperature stress had so many small pits.3)Interestingly, the feature of the change of granule surface was similar to that occurring during germination.8) The examination of how the chalkiness of rice grains affects the cooking quality is also an important issue. The chalky grains exhibited their characteristic physicochemical properties of the cooked rice different from those of the perfect grains. [4][5][6][9][10][11] From the obtained results, they mentioned that the cooked/steamed rice of chalky grains had undesirable higher hard texture.12) The mechanism of grain chalkiness under high temperature stress is considerably complicated: disorder of photosynthesis, translocation efficiency, sourcesink relationship, and protein expression in ripening seeds may involve in such chalking mechanism. Interestingly however, it has been shown that the environmental temperature at the grain filling stage influenced the starch composition in rice grains. 5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] High temperature stress decreased the amylose contents and altered the fine structure of amylopectin, 13,16) suggesting that the unusual expression of

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“…The chalky grain is characterized by a totally opaque color, similar to plaster (Ishymaru et al, 2009). The atrophied grain occurs when the grain does not develop normally due to feeding of stink bugs in spikelets usually in grains with milky endosperm Barrigossi, 2006).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Oebalus poecilus (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) to upland rice cultivated in new agricultural frontier of the Amazon rainforest (Brazil)

Krinski

Foerster

2017

Ciênc. agrotec.

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Index terms: Oryza sativa; stink bug of panicles; damage level; integrated pest management. RESUMOOebalus poecilus (Dallas 1851) é uma das espécies de percevejos de grande importância econômica para os produtores de arroz no Brasil em sistemas de cultivo irrigados, de inundação ou de terras altas. Estes pentatomídeos são conhecidos como percevejos das panículas, porque ninfas e adultos alimentam-se principalmente dessas estruturas. O ataque deste percevejo resulta em grãos manchados, massa inferior, redução germinativa e grãos deformados. Considerando isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as perdas quantitativas e qualitativas na cultivar comercial de arroz de terras altas (variedade Cambará), submetidas a diferentes níveis de infestação de percevejos de panículas, O. poecilus, em diferentes estágios de crescimento reprodutivo das plantas de arroz. Os resultados mostram que em arroz de terras altas (variedade Cambará), os grãos de arroz são suscetíveis a danos quantitativos (número e peso) e qualitativos (grãos manchados, atrofiados, gessados e quebrados), durante todo o desenvolvimento da panícula. No entanto, quando os insetos se alimentam durante os estágios de antese/cariopse e leitosa causam percentual significativamente maior de grãos vazios (até 83%) do que quando se alimentam de grãos durante as fases posteriores do desenvolvimento da panícula. Esta característica foi também observada para a redução de peso dos grãos. Esta informação pode beneficiar os produtores e outros pesquisadores, permitindo que concentrem os esforços de monitoramento de O. poecilus em fases mais suscetíveis ao ataque deste inseto. Também serve de base para a tomada de decisão sobre quando e quais medidas de controle devem ser realizadas, a fim de controlar os percevejos das panículas.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa; percevejo das panículas; nível de dano; manejo integrado de pragas.

show abstract

Formation of grain chalkiness and changes in water distribution in developing rice caryopses grown under high-temperature stress

Cited by 138 publications

References 25 publications

Endosperm Structure of White-Belly and White-Core Rice Grains Shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Endosperm Structure of White-Belly and White-Core Rice Grains Shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Characteristics of Opaque and Translucent Parts of High Temperature Stressed Grains of Rice

Quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Oebalus poecilus (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) to upland rice cultivated in new agricultural frontier of the Amazon rainforest (Brazil)

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