Formation of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF)

Abstract

Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by anodization on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF). Effects of anodization parameters such as anodizing time, stirring, fluoride concentration, and water content were analyzed in an organic electrolyte (ethylene glycol) that contains ammonium fluoride. The ordering of the nanotubes was measured by regularity ratio calculations based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) from SEM images. It was found that for the processed specimens, the highest ordering of the TiO2 nanotubes was reached at 30 V for 5000 s with a concentration of 9 vol% H2O and 0.4 wt.% NH4F, exhibiting nanotubes free of delamination, cracks, and coral-like structures with a regularity ratio (RR) of 1.91. This work offers a simple method for creating homogeneous and organized TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by E-PBF which potentially improves its functionality in diverse industrial applications such as nanosensors, controlled-release substances, solar cells, water splitting, electrochromic devices, and Li-ion battery anodes. Graphical Abstract

Electrodeposition of Zn and Cu Nanoparticles into TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti6Al4V: Antimicrobial Effect against S. Epidermidis and Cytotoxicity Assessment

“…This has been observed both on the naturally occurring thin passive film that spontaneously forms on the surface of the alloy [90] as well as on thick flat anodic oxides [91,92]. However, the anodic tubular layer of the samples used in this study presents V-doped TiO 2 nanotubes, as shown in Figure 1, in accordance with the findings of a previous work [44] later corroborated by others [93]. It is possible that when immersed in cell culture media, V-doped heat-treated anodic oxide preferentially corrodes versus the Al-doped oxide, either due to its stability inherent to the chemical composition or due to a synergistic effect of the recrystallization after heat-treatment, which could have further stabilized the Al-doped oxide.…”