Formation of low molecular weight heterocycles and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the pyrolysis of α-amino acids

Sharma, Ramesh K.; Chan, W. Geoffrey; Seeman, Jeffrey I.; Hajaligol, Mohammad R.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(02)00108-0

Cited by 118 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Th e largest classes of identifi ed compounds were various N-containing compounds (11.9 ± 1.8% of TII) and carbohydrates (10.6 ± 2.6% of TII). Th e various N-containing compounds are identifi ed by Schulten (1996) as heterocyclic N-containing compounds, though it is possible that the heterocyclic N is formed by the pyrolysis process (Sharma et al, 2003). Peptides, phenols and lignin monomers, lipids, and alkyl aromatics were also signifi cant contributors (in decreasing order), while sterols and lignin dimers each contributed < 1% of TII (Table 5).…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Haddix

Plante

Conant

et al. 2011

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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T emperature is an important factor controlling SOM turnover and understanding how temperature aff ects SOM decomposition will allow us to better predict how global climate change will aff ect SOM stocks. Understanding the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is challenging because SOM is composed of many diff erent organic C compounds, with diff ering inherent kinetic properties (Davidson and Janssens, 2006). To simplify the process of modeling SOM decomposition, this range of compounds is usually classifi ed into a small number of discrete, kinetically defi ned pools with some portion of SOM being easily decomposable and the rest comprising one or more other pools decomposing more slowly.In most decomposition models, temperature eff ects are modeled as a decomposition rate multiplier for fi xed SOM pools (Lloyd and Taylor, 1994;Del Grosso et al., 2005), but some recent studies have hypothesized that temperature may actually alter the amount of substrate that would be considered easily decomposable (Zogg et al., 1997;Zak et al., 1999;Dalias et al., 2003;Rasmussen et al., 2006). Th e most broadly used terrestrial C models typically have a fi xed Q 10 of 1.5 to 2.0 or an Arrhenius-type function with the same respiration-temperature relationship to each of the diff erent SOM pools (Melillo et al., 1995;Burke et al., 2003;Friedlingstein et al., 2006 Th e uncertainty associated with how projected climate change will aff ect global C cycling could have a large impact on predictions of soil C stocks. Th e purpose of our study was to determine how various soil decomposition and chemistry characteristics relate to soil organic matter (SOM) temperature sensitivity. We accomplished this objective using long-term soil incubations at three temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C) and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) on 12 soils from 6 sites along a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient (2-25.6°C). Th e Q 10 values calculated from the CO 2 respired during a long-term incubation using the Q 10-q method showed decomposition of the more resistant fraction to be more temperature sensitive with a Q 10-q of 1.95 ± 0.08 for the labile fraction and a Q 10-q of 3.33 ± 0.04 for the more resistant fraction. We compared the fi t of soil respiration data using a two-pool model (active and slow) with fi rst-order kinetics with a three-pool model and found that the two and three-pool models statistically fi t the data equally well. Th e three-pool model changed the size and rate constant for the more resistant pool. Th e size of the active pool in these soils, calculated using the two-pool model, increased with incubation temperature and ranged from 0.1 to 14.0% of initial soil organic C. Sites with an intermediate MAT and lowest C/N ratio had the largest active pool. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry showed declines in carbohydrates with conversion from grassland to wheat cultivation and a greater amount of protected carbohydrates in allophanic soils which may have lead to diff erences found between the total...

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Section: Soil Organic Matter Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Haddix

Plante

Conant

et al. 2011

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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show abstract

“…Further reactions are homolysis of the aliphatic side chains and intramolecular loss of water or ammonium to give cyclic products. At lower temperatures (200 -300 ° C), low -molecular -weight heterocyclic compounds have been studied; above 500 ° C, polynuclear N -containing aromatic structures have been observed (Sharma et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Formation Of " Black Nitrogen ( Bn ) "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Carbon and Thermally Altered (Pyrogenic) Organic Matter: Chemical Characteristics and the Role in the Environment

Knicker

2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. They concentrated on decarboxylation, dehydration initially to dipeptides, homolysis, intramolecular loss of water to yield cyclic products and formation of nitrogen-containing polynuclear aromatic compounds and polynuclear aromatic hydro- carbons at longer residence times.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Sugars and L-prolinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appl. Pyrolysis 77 (2006) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] formaldehyde to form a complex, further suppressing the yield of formaldehyde. 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pyrolytic formation of formaldehyde from sugars and tobacco

Baker

Coburn

Liu

2006

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Formation of low molecular weight heterocycles and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the pyrolysis of α-amino acids

Cited by 118 publications

References 27 publications

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Black Carbon and Thermally Altered (Pyrogenic) Organic Matter: Chemical Characteristics and the Role in the Environment

The pyrolytic formation of formaldehyde from sugars and tobacco

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