Formation of National Teams Taking into Account the Factors of Football Players’ Club Migration

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the parameters of club migration of highly skilled legionary footballers when forming national teams for participation in official international competitions.
 Materials and methods. Population: 496 highly skilled football players ‒ participants of the 2022 World Cup group stage qualifiers.
 Results. The winning national teams with high UEFA coefficients have a smaller percentage of legionnaires than the group of winning teams with lower UEFA coefficients: 45.05% (coefficient 3.8) and 85.94% (coefficient 14.8), respectively. The indicators of dual citizenship have no significant impact on the formation of national teams, although the national teams of Wales, Turkey, and Scotland showed rather high values ‒ 9 (32.14%), 7 (28.00%), and 5 (20.00 %) of football players, respectively. Legionary footballers from the top six European leagues (England, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Portugal) account for 87.50% of the total number of legionnaires who participated in the 2022 World Cup group stage qualifiers.
 Conclusions. Migration processes have an impact on the development of football at various levels of functioning: children and youth, reserve, student, amateur, semi-professional, and professional. Club migration, which is typical of highly skilled legionary footballers, has an indirect impact on the formation of national teams.

Optimization of the Training Process of Highly Qualified Athletes in Athletics Combined Events at the Stage of Direct Preparation for Competitions

“…Despite its relatively short duration, the stage of direct preparation for important competitions and, especially, its final pre-competition mesocycle, plays a major role in achieving the final result of long-term work and success in competitions. This stage solves such defining tasks as maintaining the achieved level of training, improving training movements, checking and clarifying technical elements, psychological preparation for the competition, providing active rest before the competition (Platonov, 2018;Chojnicki, Smoleńska & Muszkieta, 2021;Sobol et al, 2021). The implementation of the stage of direct preparation for the main competitions of highly qualified athletes has shown its effectiveness in various sports (Botonis, Toubekis, Platanou , 2019;Ouergui et al, 2022;Winwood et al, 2022), including athletics (Bora, 2012;Bobrovnik, 2014;Spilsbury, 2021), but it has not found its theoretical and methodological justification in combined events, which is technically the most difficult and physically demanding track and field discipline.…”

Analysis of Factors of Sports Migration and the Effectiveness of Competitive Activity of Football Players

“…First of all, it concerns issues of sports migration, commercialization and politicization of official competitions, professionalization and socialization of athletes, etc. The specified scientific direction was continued in research (Sobol, Svatyev, Doroshenko et al, 2021;Sobol, Svatyev & Doroshenko et al, 2021a;Sobol, Svatyev & Doroshenko et al, 2021b;Sobol, 2022), which raise a wide range of problematic issues regarding the financial prerequisites for sports migration of highly qualified football players; compliance of the activities of professional football clubs with the criteria of financial "Fair Play", the formation of innovative technologies for the training of highly qualified football players, taking into account the factors of sports migration. From this point of view, the relevant issues of taking in to account the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the level of competitive practice of football players, the individualization of their direct preparation for official national and international competitions, the determination of the individual contribution of migrant football players to the overall team result, etc., are significant.…”