Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in co-combustion of mixed plastics with coal: Exploratory principal component analysis

Ruuskanen, Juhani; Vartiainen, Terttu; Kojo, Ilkka V.; Manninen, Helena; Oksanen, Jari; Frankenhaeuser, Martin

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)90149-x

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A parameter that was not noticed until the study was finished. The two papers presented by Frankenhaeuser et al (28) and Russkanen et al (27) clearly show that there is a threshold value in the chlorine content for PCDDs/PCDFs formation. The chlorine level of the ashes varied in correlation to the chlorine content in the fuels.…”

Section: Inorganic Compounds In Flue Gas and Temperatures In Reactormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The results from this study show that the formation mechanism of PCDDs/PCDFs was correlated with the amount of chlorine (PVC) added to the furnace. However, the emission level of PCDDs/PCDFs from the fuel with 3.9% chlorine was about 10 times higher (27). Leonir et al (26) have studied the formation of PCDDs/PCDFs during combustion with two chlorine sources (NaCl and PVC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and chlorobenzenes (PCBzs) in the combustion process was studied where the chlorine level and source were varied in an artificial waste. Different levels of organic chlorine (PVC) and inorganic chlorine (CaCl 2 ‚6H 2 O) were added to the fuel. The flue gas samples were analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs. The following combustion parameters were measured during incineration: temperature in bed, in freeboard, and in cooling convector; air flows; SO 2 , CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO, O 2 , and particle concentrations in the flue gas. The results from this study indicate no correlation between the quantities of formed PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs in the combustion process and the level of chlorine in the fuel, when the chlorine level is below 1%. However, when the level of chlorine in the fuel exceeds 1%, an increased formation rate was noted. No distinction in the formation rate of the chlorinated micropollutants was noticed between the two different chlorine sources.

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Section: Inorganic Compounds In Flue Gas and Temperatures In Reactormentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…On the other hand, co-incineration of waste in coal power plants may be the source of the dioxin emission increases up to the known level from waste incineration plant emissions. [117][118][119][120] A perfect example of emissions from energetic boilers of various types in Poland are the data that have been demonstrated recently by Grochowalski and Konieczyń ski 121 , which are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Dioxin Emissions From Power and Heat Generation Sectormentioning

confidence: 85%

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Wielgosiński

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The first reports that it is possible to emit dioxins from the heat and power generation sector are from the beginning of the 1980s. Detailed research proved that the emission of dioxins might occur during combustion of hard coal, brown coal, and furnace oil as well as coke-oven gas. The emission of dioxins occurs in wood incineration; wood that is clean and understood as biomass; or, in particular, wood waste (polluted). This paper thoroughly discusses the mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes, first and foremost in combustion processes. The parameters influencing the quantity of dioxins formed and the dependence of their quantity on the conditions of combustion are highlighted. Furthermore, the methods of reducing dioxin emissions from combustion processes (primary and secondary) are discussed. The most efficacious methods that may find application in the heat and power generation sector are proposed; this is relevant from the point of view of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention resolutions in Poland with regard to persistent organic pollutants.

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“…Mattila et al (1992) found that a large amount of PCDD/Fs was generated when the chlorine content of the feeding material was increased from 0.4% to 1.2%. Some studies (Lenoir et al, 1991;Frankenhaeuser et al, 1993;Halonen et al, 1993;Ruuskanen et al, 1994) found that when the chlorine content in the fuel is below 1%, the levels of PCDD/Fs in the flue are approximately the same. However, the formation of dioxin increases significantly when the chlorine content of the feeding material exceeds 1% (Wikström et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfur and Calcium Compounds on Dioxin Reduction in a Fluidized Bed Combustor

Shen

Wang

Chyang

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The focus of this study is the effects of sulfur and calcium compounds on reducing dioxins in fly ash collected from the baghouse of a pilot-scale fluidized bed combustor. Pelletized sawdust with various amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), pyrite, and calcium hydroxide was used as the feeding material. The experimental results indicated an extremely low concentration of dioxin in the fly ash from the cyclone (0.025 to 0.284 ng g -1 ), and the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the fly ash collected from the baghouse increased by 27.4% as the chlorine content increased from 0.568 to 1.136 wt%. The inhibition of PCDD/Fs by sulfur is not clear and can be attributed to the low content of copper (average 387 ppm), which serves as the catalyst for the Deacon reaction. Octa-chlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) was the major congener of the PCDD/Fs. The highest toxicity-equivalent (I-TEQ) of 2,3,7,8substituted congeners was 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, which accounted for 37% of the total congeners (average value). The correlation between the I-TEQ values and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF concentration of fly ash is also discussed.

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Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in co-combustion of mixed plastics with coal: Exploratory principal component analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Effects of Sulfur and Calcium Compounds on Dioxin Reduction in a Fluidized Bed Combustor

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