Formation of Protoberberine-Type Alkaloids by the Tubers of Somatic Embryo-Derived Plants of Corydalis yanhusuo

Abstract

The effects of 0.5 - 5 mg/l abscisic acid [ABA], 0.5 - 10 mg/l (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol [paclobutrazol] and 0.5 - 2 mg/l alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol [ancymidol], 0.5 - 5 mg/l gibberellic acid [GA(3)] and 15 - 100 mg/l polyethylene glycol [PEG] 4000 supplemented in half-strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium on the production of the two major protoberberine-type alkaloids (D,L-tetrahydropalmatine and D-corydaline) by the tubers of somatic embryo-derived plants of Corydalis yanhusuo were examined. Somatic embryo derived plants were also maintained for 6 months on half-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l GA(3) or 0.5 mg/l paclobutrazol. The alkaloid contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis revealed that the contents of D,L-tetrahydropalmatine and D-corydaline in the tubers of somatic embryo-derived plants were higher than the marketed crude drug and varied with growth regulator/PEG-4000 treatment and the age of the plant.

Cholinesterase inhibitory and anti-amnesic activity of alkaloids from Corydalis turtschaninovii

“…The 13 C NMR spectrum revealed the presence of 22 carbon atoms including benzene rings, methyl, methoxy, methylene groups. The 1 H and 13 C NMR features were closely similar to those of dehydrocorydaline (Miyazaki et al, 1975) except for the change of one methoxy group from C-9 (ı H 8.15, ı C 127.3) to C-11 (ı C 153.0) in tetrahydroprotoberberine skeleton (Lee et al, 2001). The structure deduction of 13 was further confirmed by the analysis of HMBC and COSY spectra (Fig.…”

“…Based on the mass, 1 H, and 13 C NMR spectra, the isolated alkaloids can be divided to two main skeletons: protoberberine and aporphine skeleton. By comparing spectral data with those reported in the literatures and authentic samples, the known compounds were identified as corydaline (1) (Lee et al, 2001), xylopinine (2) (Sasagawa et al, 1969), stylopine (3) (Kiryakov et al, 1982), protopine (4) (Weiguang et al, 1987), oxypseudopalmatine (5), tetrahydropalmatine (6), epiberberine (7), palmatine (8) (Patra et al, 1987), corytenchine (10) (Sasagawa et al, 1969), berberine (14), pseudocoptisine (15), and pseudoberberine (16) (Lee et al, 2001), which have basic skeleton as protoberberine (Shamma, 1972). Meanwhile oxoglaucine (11), and glaucine (12) (Saito et al, 2004) have aporphine skeleton.…”

Corydalis yanhusuo rhizoma extract reduces infarct size and improves heart function during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by inhibiting apoptosis in rats

“…In TCM practice, it is an important remedy to help invigorate the blood, dispel stasis and move qi, reinforce vital energy and alleviate painful conditions such as headache, chest pain, epigastric pain, abdominal pain and backache. The main active components isolated from CY are alkaloids (Lee et al, 2001;Xu et al, 2004) exhibiting a wide number of pharmacological actions (Kubo et al, 1994;Matsuda et al, 1997;Wang and Li, 1987;Chueh et al, 1995;Xin et al, 1999). In recent years, these alkaloids have…”

Application of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Phytochemicals in Medicinal Plants

“…A protocol for complete plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from tuber derived callus of Corydalis yanhusuo, a rich source of several pharmacologically important alkaloids containing plants was standardized [33]. They have reported the production of higher concentration of bioactive compounds such as D, L-tetrahydropalmatine and D-corydaline from the tubers of somatic embryo-derived plants [33]. The content of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin in the aerial and underground parts of Gentiana davidii var.…”

“…High yield production of tanshinones alkaloids by adventitious root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well known traditional Chinese medicine in optimized culture conditions [32]. A protocol for complete plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from tuber derived callus of Corydalis yanhusuo, a rich source of several pharmacologically important alkaloids containing plants was standardized [33]. They have reported the production of higher concentration of bioactive compounds such as D, L-tetrahydropalmatine and D-corydaline from the tubers of somatic embryo-derived plants [33].…”