Formation of Protocorm-like Bodies (PLB) and Shoot Development through In Vitro Culture of Outer Tissue of Cymbidium PLB

Priming biotic factors for optimal protocorm-like body and callus induction in hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), and assessment of cytogenetic stability in regenerated plantlets

“…Shoot tip culture of Cymbidium bench-marked the onset of tissue culture per se (Morel, 1960). Since then protocols for the tissue culture of Cymbidium by using flower stalks (Wang, 1988), pseudobulbs (Shimasaki and Uemoto, 1990), flower buds (Shimasaki and Uemoto, 1991), shoot tips (Morel, 1960(Morel, , 1964Wimber, 1963;Sagawa et al, 1966;Ueda and Torikata, 1968;Kim and Kako, 1984) and PLBs (Begum et al, 1994b;Tanaka, 2004a, 2004b;Huan et al, 2004) have been described. Studies on callus induction are scarcer, attributed to their slow growth and necrotic tendency (Begum et al, 1994a).…”

Plant Regeneration Through Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis in Coelogyne Cristata Orchid

“…The phenomenon of somatic embryogenesis via callus is rather rare as success of callus formation in orchids has limitations due to slow growth and a tendency to become necrotic [5,6]. Especially, callus formation from leaf explants of orchids has been and is the rarest even now.…”

“…Even when callus induction was achieved, the frequency of callusing might have been ultimately low and the callus was difficult to maintain and eventually failed to survive. Even when plant regeneration from callus of orchids was achieved, it usually occurred via protocormlike-bodies PLBs [6][7][8]. Therefore, success of somatic embryogenesis via callus culture is interesting in plant regeneration of orchids.…”

Thin Cell Layers: The Technique

“…one supplemented with banana), from a flask of about 100 rooted shoots, about 1% of plants spontaneously form a PLB at the base of the leaf sheath. This primary (1 • ) PLB, once cultured on appropriate medium, can then form secondary (2 • ) PLBs [9], albeit at a low multiplication rate. Every time a PLB is used (whole or in part) for subculture, it is considered a 1 • PLB and any PLB that is derived from a 1 • PLB is a 2 • PLB.…”