Formation of Q-carbon by adjusting sp3 content in diamond-like carbon films and laser energy density of pulsed laser annealing

Yoshinaka, Hiroki; Inubushi, Seiko; Wakita, Takanori; Yokoya, Takayoshi; Muraoka, Yuji

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.06.025

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may result from higher undercooling in Q-carbon than in αcarbon. The formation of Q-carbon has been confirmed theoretically [20] and experimentally [21] by other researchers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Formation of self-organized nano- and micro-diamond rings

Narayan

Bhaumik

Gupta

et al. 2021

Materials Research Letters

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We report formation of self-organized nanodiamond ring structures due to dynamical heterogeneity in super undercooled carbon, created by nanosecond laser melting of amorphous carbon layers. We envisage that diamond tetrahedra self-organize and lead to formation of string and ring structures on which nanodiamonds nucleate and grow. Denser ring structures are formed in Q-carbon due to higher undercooling and enhanced diamond nucleation. The average size is larger under heterogeneous nucleation compared to homogeneous nucleation due to lower critical size and free energy, allowing more time for growth. With nanosecond laser melting, growth velocities range 5-10 ms −1 and even higher for Q-carbon. IMPACT STATEMENTSignificant advancement in the creation of self-organized nanodiamond ring and string structures by laser processing at ambient pressure and temperature ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…This may result from higher undercooling in Q-carbon than in αcarbon. The formation of Q-carbon has been confirmed theoretically [20] and experimentally [21] by other researchers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Formation of self-organized nano- and micro-diamond rings

Narayan

Bhaumik

Gupta

et al. 2021

Materials Research Letters

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“…From the Raman analysis, we can finally conclude that the high laser fluence applied to the carbon layer leads to the recrystallization of the carbon surface; melting and rapid cooling lead to the formation of disordered carbon with similar Raman characteristics and peak positions similar to the heat-treated glassy carbon or graphite nanoplatelets described in [44]. However, the peak positions and rapid carbon melting could also suggest a presence of DLC layers with similar Raman characteristics and peak positions similar to amorphous DLC described in [49] or Q-carbon [26][27][28][29][30][31], so Q-carbon formation at the edges of the domains is probable, the G peak position (up to 1575 cm −1 ) was higher than the peak position for the vibrational mode of graphic planes (1540 cm −1 ). Properties of the different carbon materials were described in detail in [50].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It is formed by converting amorphous carbon thin films by nanosecond pulsed laser melting and subsequent quenching in a super undercooled state [28][29][30]. Further, recent knowledge about transformations regarding the sp2/sp3 original ratio and its impact on the Q-carbon was published in [31].…”

Section: Surface Morphology and Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Transformation Induced by High Energy Excimer Treatment

et al. 2022

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The main aim of this study was to describe the treatment of carbon sheet with a high-energy excimer laser. The excimer modification changed the surface chemistry and morphology of carbon. The appearance of specific carbon forms and modifications have been detected due to exposure to laser beam fluencies up to 8 J.cm−2. High fluence optics was used for dramatic changes in the carbon layer with the possibility of Q-carbon formation; a specific amorphous carbon phase was detected with Raman spectroscopy. The changes in morphology were determined with atomic force microscopy and confirmed with scanning electron microscopy, where the partial formation of the Q-carbon phase was detected. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was applied for a detailed study of surface chemistry. The particular shift of functional groups induced on laser-treated areas was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the first time, high-dose laser exposure successfully induced a specific amorphous carbon phase.

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“…However, attention is currently focused on a new carbon phase, called hardened carbon (Q-carbon, Q-C), which exhibits excellent ferroelectric properties, even better than diamond [ 124 ]. Q-carbon has unique mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, thanks to which it has been given high attention, especially in field-controlled electronics and biomedicine [ 125 , 126 ]. Q-carbon has an amorphous structure consisting of 75–85% sp3 and residual sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, leading to various exciting properties such as extraordinary Hall effect, field emission, and higher hardness than diamond [ 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Carbon Nanostructures and Their Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites

2021

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The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. One of these is the development of superconductivity, for example, in graphite intercalated superconductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped diamond, etc. Not only various forms of carbon materials but also carbon-related materials have aroused extraordinary theoretical and experimental interest. Hybrid carbon materials are good candidates for high current densities at low applied electric fields due to their negative electron affinity. The right combination of two different nanostructures, CNF or carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, has led to some very interesting sensors with applications in electrochemical biosensors, biomolecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Carbon materials have a number of unique properties. In order to increase their potential application and applicability in different industries and under different conditions, they are often combined with other types of material (most often polymers or metals). The resulting composite materials have significantly improved properties.

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Formation of Q-carbon by adjusting sp3 content in diamond-like carbon films and laser energy density of pulsed laser annealing

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Formation of self-organized nano- and micro-diamond rings

Formation of self-organized nano- and micro-diamond rings

Carbon Transformation Induced by High Energy Excimer Treatment

Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites

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