Formation of RuO(OH)<sub>2</sub> on RuO<sub>2</sub>-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Näslund, Lars-Åke; Ingason, Arni Sigurdur; Holmin, Susanne; Rosén, Johanna

doi:10.1021/jp503960q

Cited by 54 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contradiction to earlier conclusions, we have in a recent work showed that metallic ruthenium, in fact, is formed during hydrogen evolution in an alkaline electrolyte and at high current density [18]. The study further shows that the RuO2 coating, prior to metallic Ru formation, is subjected to a transformation into ruthenium oxyhydroxide (RuO(OH)2).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel content in RuO2 coatings applied on Ni substrates has been confirmed with XPS [18]. The study showed that a RuO2 coating of a newly made electrode has a substantial amount of nickel oxide (NiO), which after exposure to hydrogen evolution transforms into Ni(OH)2 and metallic Ni.…”

Section: Effect Of Her Oer and Reverse Currentsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Earlier, authors have suggested that RuO2 is partly reduced through hydration or hydroxylation during hydrogen evolution [3,9,11,16], although never studied in detail. Our detailed material characterization support hydroxylation, however not through a reduction process but instead via a nonelectrochemical process induced by hydrogen incorporation into the RuO2 rutile crystal structure [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It was, however, speculated that this peak originates from hydrated RuO2 or possibly hydroxylated Ru-species formed during strong hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium. Recently, we were able to determine this phase to be more specifically RuO(OH)2 [18]. The diffractogram of the RuO2 coating that has been exposed to the polarity inversion test shows, on the other hand, no peak at 26.5 degrees indicating that the hydroxylated phase, formed during extensive hydrogen evolution, is removed during extensive oxygen evolution, see Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Her Oer and Reverse Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 9 displays a simple sketch showing that during HER an essential part of the surface of the RuO2 nanoparticles is transformed into hydroxylated Ru-species, which we recently have identified as RuO(OH)2 [18]. When anodic currents are applied after the HER the hydroxylated Ru-species will electrochemically corrode to RuO4 2-, and possibly higher oxidation states, that dissolves into the electrolyte leaving an electrode coating with smaller nanoparticles.…”

Section: Description Of Corrosion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Holmin

Näslund

Ingason

et al. 2014

Electrochimica Acta

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A reverse current obtained during power shutdowns in industrial processes, such as chlor-alkali production or alkaline water electrolysis, is deleterious for hydrogen evolving ruthenium dioxide (Ru02) based cathodes. It has been observed that RuO2 coatings after a power shutdown, necessary for e.g. maintenance, are severely damaged unless polarization rectifiers are employed. In this work we show why these types of cathodes are sensitive to reverse currents, i.e. anodic currents, after hydrogen evolution. RuO2 coatings deposited on nickel substrates were subjected to different electrochemical treatments such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, or reverse currents in 8 M NaOH at 90 degrees C. Polarity inversion was introduced after hydrogen evolution to simulate the effect of reverse currents. Because of chemical interaction with hydrogen, a significant amount of the RuO2 coating was transformed into hydroxylated species during cathodic polarization. Our study shows that these hydroxylated phases are highly sensitive to electrochemical corrosion during anodic polarization after extended hydrogen evolution.

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2007-5059]; European Research Council under the European Communities/ERC [258509]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [642-2013-8020]; KAW Fellowship program

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Her Oer and Reverse Currentsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Effect Of Her Oer and Reverse Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Corrosion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Holmin

Näslund

Ingason

et al. 2014

Electrochimica Acta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2007-5059]; European Research Council under the European Communities/ERC [258509]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [642-2013-8020]; KAW Fellowship program

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Reverse‐Current Tolerance for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Lead‐Decorated Nickel Catalysts in Zero‐Gap Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems

Jung,

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) systems offer a cost‐effective and scalable approach for large‐scale hydrogen production using renewable energy sources. However, their susceptibility to load fluctuations, particularly the reverse‐current (RC) phenomenon during shutdown events, poses a significant challenge to the long‐term stability and scalability of these systems. Herein, a catalytic approach for enhancing the RC tolerance in AWE systems by using Pb‐decorated Ni cathode catalysts (Pb/Ni) is introduced. The oxidation of Pb/Ni by repeated RC lowers the electromotive force for the reverse current operation, and consequently, imparts RC tolerance. Intriguingly, contrary to the expectation that the decoration with lead, an inert material for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), will interfere with the hydrogen generation of the Ni catalyst, the presence of Pb on the Ni cathode after the RC flow promotes both the proton desorption and water‐dissociation steps, improving the HER activity. Furthermore, the AWE stack testing with Pb/Ni catalysts is perfectly operated, demonstrating remarkably enhanced RC tolerance during startup/shut‐down (SU/SD) testing protocol. This paper presents a new strategy for mitigating the AWE performance degradation induced by RC flow and for achieving Pb/Ni catalysts with improved operational durability against RC flow in AWE systems.

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A Sol–Gel Ruthenium–Niobium–Silicon Mixed‐Oxide Bifunctional Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid in the Aqueous Phase

et al. 2017

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A mixed-oxide nanomaterial with composition (RuO2)0.038(Nb2O5)0.024(SiO2)0.938 was prepared by a one-pot sol–gel route. The synthesis was entirely performed at room temperature, by using easy-to-handle precursors and avoiding the employment of any toxic and/or polluting reactant. One of the samples was synthesised in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant acting as both pore directing agent and metal complexing agent, obtaining a high-specific-surface-area material characterized by a very good dispersion of the metallic species. In both cases, nanomaterials characterized by a complete reducibility of Ru species were obtained. The reduced nanomaterials acted as effective bifunctional catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone, performed under mild conditions in the aqueous phase. The catalyst prepared without surfactant showed good stability and no activity loss during all the performed cycles. By contrast, some deactivation phenomena took place with the surfactant-templated catalyst. These phenomena were ascribed to both the partial surface oxidation and the surface adsorption of LA molecules giving deactivation during the second run

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Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Reverse‐Current Tolerance for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Lead‐Decorated Nickel Catalysts in Zero‐Gap Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems

A Sol–Gel Ruthenium–Niobium–Silicon Mixed‐Oxide Bifunctional Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid in the Aqueous Phase

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Formation of RuO(OH)2 on RuO2-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Corrosion of ruthenium dioxide based cathodes in alkaline medium caused by reverse currents

Reverse‐Current Tolerance for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Lead‐Decorated Nickel Catalysts in Zero‐Gap Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems

A Sol–Gel Ruthenium–Niobium–Silicon Mixed‐Oxide Bifunctional Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid in the Aqueous Phase

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Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production