Abstract:This work reports the formation of self-organized Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) oxide nanotubes in viscous organic ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte containing a small amount of fluoride salt and deionized (DI) water via an electrochemical anodization. The structure, morphology, and composition of the Zr-4 oxide nanotubes were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), EDX, and XPS. SEM results showed that the length of the nanotubes is approximately 1… Show more
“…Clearly, in the as-prepared anodic ZrO 2 nanotubes, there are significant amounts of fluorine species. It is clear from the XPS spectrum result that fluoride ions were embedded in the ZrO 2 nanotubes owing to the competition of fluoride and oxygen ions during anodic oxidation2829.…”
Combinations of three simple techniques were utilized to gradually form zirconia nanoneedles from zirconium nanograins. First, a physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit pure zirconium nanograins on top of a substrate. Second, an anodic oxidation was applied to fabricate zirconia nanotubular arrays. Finally, heat treatment was used at different annealing temperatures in order to change the structure and morphology from nanotubes to nanowires and subsequently to nanoneedles in the presence of argon gas. The size of the pure zirconium nanograins was estimated to be approximately 200–300 nm. ZrO2 nanotubular arrays with diameters of 70–120 nm were obtained. Both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 were observed after annealing at 450 °C and 650 °C. Only a few tetragonal peaks appeared at 850 °C, while monoclinic ZrO2 was obtained at 900 °C and 950 °C. In assessing the biocompatibility of the ZrO2 surface, the human cell line MDA-MB-231 was found to attach and proliferate well on surfaces annealed at 850 °C and 450 °C; however, the amorphous ZrO2 surface, which was not heat treated, did not permit extensive cell growth, presumably due to remaining fluoride.
“…Clearly, in the as-prepared anodic ZrO 2 nanotubes, there are significant amounts of fluorine species. It is clear from the XPS spectrum result that fluoride ions were embedded in the ZrO 2 nanotubes owing to the competition of fluoride and oxygen ions during anodic oxidation2829.…”
Combinations of three simple techniques were utilized to gradually form zirconia nanoneedles from zirconium nanograins. First, a physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit pure zirconium nanograins on top of a substrate. Second, an anodic oxidation was applied to fabricate zirconia nanotubular arrays. Finally, heat treatment was used at different annealing temperatures in order to change the structure and morphology from nanotubes to nanowires and subsequently to nanoneedles in the presence of argon gas. The size of the pure zirconium nanograins was estimated to be approximately 200–300 nm. ZrO2 nanotubular arrays with diameters of 70–120 nm were obtained. Both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 were observed after annealing at 450 °C and 650 °C. Only a few tetragonal peaks appeared at 850 °C, while monoclinic ZrO2 was obtained at 900 °C and 950 °C. In assessing the biocompatibility of the ZrO2 surface, the human cell line MDA-MB-231 was found to attach and proliferate well on surfaces annealed at 850 °C and 450 °C; however, the amorphous ZrO2 surface, which was not heat treated, did not permit extensive cell growth, presumably due to remaining fluoride.
“…In Zr NPs, the Zr 3d peaks were observed at 185.4 ev for 3d 5/2 and 187.7 ev for 3d 3/2 , as shown in Fig. 4 A ( Ali et al., 2014 ; Bakradze et al., 2011 ; Ma et al., 2015 ). However, the peaks of Zr 3d 3/2 and Zr 3d 5/2 were slightly shifted for Zr QDs, probably due to the change and coupling of electronic state.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…Zr QDs contain a higher component of the monoclinic than the tetragonal phase. The peak positions of Zr QDs and ZrO 2 are shifted a little bit (Ali et al., 2014; Eshed et al., 2011), probably, due to the crystal defects formed during synthesis.Fig. 5X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of synthesized Zr QDs.…”
A synthetic way of chiral zirconium quantum dots (Zr QDs) was presented for the first time using L(+)-ascorbic acid acts as a surface as well as chiral ligands. Different spectroscopic and microscopic analysis was performed for thorough characterization of Zr QDs. As-synthesized QDs exhibited fluorescence and circular dichroism properties, and the peaks were located at 412 nm and 352 nm, respectively. MTT assay was performed to test the cytotoxicity of the synthesized Zr QDs against rat brain glioma C6 cells. Synthesized QDs was further conjugated with anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antibodies of coronavirus to form an immunolink at the presence of the target analyte and anti-IBV antibody-conjugated magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (MPNPs). The fluorescence properties of immuno-conjugated QD–MP NPs nanohybrids through separation by an external magnetic field enabled biosensing of coronavirus with a limit of detection of 79.15 EID/50 μL.
“…[5][22] In this work only annealed samples were evaluated and the corresponding information on phase transformation from the resulting cubic phase during anodization to more monoclinic phases for reflections around 30° M(-111), M(111), M(200) and 50° M(220), M(022) is obtained. [23][24] The annealed films were then subjected to a tape-transfer process depicted as a schematic in Figure 2, followed by the physical representation of the process in Figure 3, using images developed by optical microscopy and SEM micrographs.…”
We report on the synthesis route for metal-oxide nanotubes via electro-chemical anodization of zirconium foil resulting in the formation of zirconia nanotubular (ZrNT) films, subsequently transferred onto pre-formed zirconia (ZrO2) implant material. The approach was based on a direct transfer of ZrNT films onto the ceramic implant via an acetone bath. The ZrNT film was detached from the metal-foil using regular adhesive-tape prior to transfer. This simple technique allows to impart a robust micro-nanoscale structure to bulk-ceramics that can potentially offer enhanced surface-reaction sites and functionality in the field of ceramic-biomaterial applications.
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