Formation of spring barley grain yield and its structure depending on the variety and nutrition conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova, Valentina; Kasatkina, T.

doi:10.35550/visnykagro2019.21.087

Cited by 2 publications

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“…В останні роки для ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин достатньо широко використовують сучасні рістрегулюючі речовини та біопрепарати, починаючи з обробки насіння перед сівбою та посіву рослин в основні періоди вегетації (Sydiakina & Dvoretskyi, 2020). Застосування їх у сучасному землеробстві за зміни кліматичних умов та збіднення ґрунтів як на основні елементи живлення, так і мікроелементи, є досить ефективним, маловитратним і разом з цим істотно підвищує рівні врожайності сільськогосподарських культур (Gricayenko et al, 2008;Kozlova et al, 2019;Gamayunova & Kasatkina, 2019). Позитивна дія сучасних біопрепаратів проявляється у впливі на ростові процеси рослин, посилення їх стійкості до несприятливих умов середовища, зокрема високих температур, тривалої посухи тощо (Huang et al, 2019).…”

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Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova¹,

Kasatkina²,

Baklanova³

2021

Agro

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The results of research conducted in 2016‒2018 on the southern chernozem andthe effect of two varieties of spring barley extra-root feed on the formation of grain productivityare given. Based on the results obtained, indicators of agroeconomic efficiency and their changewere determined under the influence of this event (as one of the most important elements of technology)in growing the crop, including in terms of varieties. Despite the increase in productioncosts, the treatment of plant seeding with biologics contributed to a certain increase in notional netprofit, which increased with the number of feeds, reaching the highest values if used to optimizethe nutrition of Fresh florid (300 g/ha). One feeding of Stalker variety is determined at the levelof 5927, two feeding ‒ 6890, three ‒ 7320 UAH, and 3857 UAH/ha ‒ in control. The mentionedindicators were 5968, 6808, 7771 and 3980 UAH/ha, respectively, when the spring barley varietyVakula was grown. One of the most important indicators of economic efficiency decreased‒ the cost of growing a unit of production with an increase in the number of extracurricular feeding.The lowest indicator was the cost price of production of top – dressing with Fresh florid(300 g/ha ‒ according to the Stalker variety): with one extracorporeal sowing ‒ 2269.4; two treatments‒ 2173.5, and three ‒ 2166.7 UAH/t; in control, this indicator was 2638.5 UAH/t. Thesevalues were, respectively, 2262.3; 2185,8; 2105.4 and 2608.0 UAH/t when the barley spring varietyVakula was growing. The use of other biological preparations led to a certain increase in thecost of growing spring barley. The highest values were recorded when using Organic D-2 M withonly one feeding in the plant phase. In this version of the experiment the cost of growing a unitof production even slightly exceeded control, when Vakula variety was grown. The cultivation ofspring barley on the basis of resource saving using modern re-regulating substances and biologicalpreparations is advisable, because it increases not only the level of grain yield, but also themain indicators of agro-economic efficiency - net profit and profitability, and unit cost, on thecontrary, decreases. It was established that by optimizing the nutrition of spring barley on thebasis of resource saving by treating crops in the main growing seasons with biological products,along with increasing grain yield and changes in its quality, other indicators of agro-economicefficiency of crop production increase. The level of profitability in control (treatment of plantswith water) for the cultivation of barley of the spring variety Stalker was 59.2%, then in themost optimal food options it reached 93.8%, and for the Vakula variety they were determined61.0 and 99.5% respectively. The obtained agroeconomic indicators in the cultivation of springbarley made it possible to substantiate the following claims: the use of biologics to treat thesowing of spring barley plants during the main periods of vegetation increases the yield and costof grown grain. It was determined that the level of profitability of growing spring barley witha large number of feeds grew. The indicator reached its maximum value with three times theplanting of barley plants of the spring variety Vakula with Fresh florid, that is, 300 g/ha (99.5%).Two plant crops with this drug provided profitability at the level of 99.1%, and one ‒ 85.6, (incontrol ‒ 61.0%). The highest profitability of cultivation was ensured by the use of Fresh florid(300 g/ha) for optimizing nutrition three times for vegetation ‒in the phases of tillering, shootingand heading. The lowest level of profitability was ensured by the use of the preparation OrganicD-2 M for feeding barley of the spring variety Vakula: one treatment of plants ‒ at the level of60.6%, two ‒ 72.5, three treatments ‒ 78.2%. According to the results of research conductedwith two varieties of spring barley, the best biological product and terms of fertilization weredetermined in order to increase grain yield and improve its quality and agro-economic efficiencybased on the calculation of cost economic indicators. The expediency of nutrition optimizationby using modern biological products for spring barley cultivation has been confirmed.

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Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova¹,

Kasatkina²,

Baklanova³

2021

Agro

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Features of the Manifestation of Biometric Indicators in Varieties and Breeding Lines of Bread Winter Wheat on the Autumn Vegetation Dormancy Onset Date in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Rysin,

Volohdina

2023

Naukovì dopovìdì Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu bìoresursìv ì priro

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The duration of the autumn vegetation period of plants depends significantly on the meteorological conditions of the year, the sowing date and the date of seedling emergence. Ensuring optimal parameters of bread winter wheat crops on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date is one of the most difficult tasks in the cropping practices. It is well known that almost all agrotechnical techniques used during the autumn period, or even before sowing, have a great influence on the plant tillering, their mass, stem density and their physiological state on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date. Different sowing dates have an impact on the canopy density per unit area, plant growth and development in the autumn period, disease damage, overwintering, and ultimately on productivity, since all generative organs are iniciated in the early stages and subsequently form the adaptive properties of plants to adverse conditions conditions of winter or spring-summer periods. Therefore, establishing the features of the autumn development of bread winter wheat plants from year to year remains an urgent issue in terms of both food and economic security of the state. Goal. To identify the peculiarities of the manifestation of biometric indicators in the genotypes of bread winter wheat on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. The results. The weather conditions of autumn in 2018–2020 were quite contrasting, differing in terms of both temperature and amount of precipitation. It was established that under a favorable hydrothermal regime (in 2018), the level of manifestation of plant biometric indicators was maximal, which ensured the rooting of bread winter wheat plants and the formation of fully above-ground biomass, and in conditions of soil and air drought (in 2019) it was minimal, which led to the problem of obtaining timely and even emergence of winter crops. Shifting the sowing dates to later ones (October 15) led to their significant decrease. It was found that the dominant role in terms of influence belonged to the weather conditions of the year with part of influence occupied 26.5÷70.6%. It was studied that leaf number and plant weight decreased sharply under stressful conditions, and the variation increased under the conditions when sowing on October 5, which must be taken into account in management the breeding process, estimation of source material and selection of genotypes with the specified parameters. It was noted that the breeding line LUT 55198 had the highest biomass on average in the experiment over three years of the research, on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date it formed a phytocenosis with 1.54 pcs stem number per plant, 3.86 pcs leaves, 14.28 cm in height, 0.49 g raw plant weight.. The maximum level of manifestation of the indicators was when sowing on October 5: stem numbesr were 2.84 pcs. (in 2018), 2.0 pcs. (in 2020), and 1.95 pcs. (on average over three years); plant weight was minimal 0.29 g (in 2019) and 0.65 g (on average over three years). When sowing on October 15, the same trend was noted regarding plant weight in 2018 (0.52 g), 2019 (0.15 g) and on average over three years (0.33 g). The variety MIP Dniprianka also formed a high level of above-ground biomass on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date and significantly exceeded the standard variety Podolianka according to the average biometric indicators: the plant mass was 0.44±0.02 g and 0.36±0.01 g, respectively; plant height was 13.83±0.35 cm and 12.00±0.32 cm, respectively. The breeding line ER 55023 and the variety MIP Lada had increased tillering number when sowing on October 5, namely 1.88 and 1.87 pcs, respectively, and when sowing on October 15, 1.31 pcs (maximum level) was noted for the variety MIP Lada. Under favorable thermal conditions and moisture availability (sowing on October 5, 2018), the breeding lines LUT 55198, ER 55023 and the variety MIP Lada fully realized their biological ability to form an increased number of stems during the tillering period (2.84, 2.64 and 2.72 pcs, respectively). The variety MIP Yuvileyna, on the contrary, had the minimum level of the indicator on average according to the experiment 1.25 pcs. Prospects. The peculiarities of the manifestation of biometric indicators in bread winter wheat on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date were established, they significantly depended on growing conditions, sowing dates, genotype and directly influenced the growth and development of plants, programming the level of their productivity in the future, and the interaction of factors in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is worth noting that there is a stable tendency to the formation of higher values during the first sowing date (October 5) as compared to the second date (October 15), regardless of the conditions of the growing year in all varieties and selection lines under study. They can be characterized by their adaptive properties as intensive ones with a pronounced reaction to the environment, that is, a relatively high yield may be the result of a specific effect on more favorable growing conditions. The rational ratio of water and heat resources was ensured by the best sowing dates, due to which the plants accumulated sufficient above-ground mass, formed tillering node and root system. The breeding line YUT 55198 and the varieties MIP Dniprianka, MIP Lada were singled out, which on the autumn vegetation dormancy onset date stably prevailed over the standard variety Podolianka in most of the biometric indicators.

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Formation of spring barley grain yield and its structure depending on the variety and nutrition conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Features of the Manifestation of Biometric Indicators in Varieties and Breeding Lines of Bread Winter Wheat on the Autumn Vegetation Dormancy Onset Date in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

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