Formation of the Assimilation Surface of Potato Leaves, Depending on Seeding Depth of Tubers and Pre-Sowing Treatment Methods

Abstract

The article deals with the influence of the seeding depth of tubers and pre-sowing treatment methods on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The depth of planting of tubers and preplant preparation methods of tubers for planting have a direct impact on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The future harvest of potatoes depends on the formation of the leaf surface. Indeed, during the entire growing season, the leaf surface of potato plants does not remain unchanged. It is the leaf surface that is the key element in the synthesis of organic substances, from which tubers are subsequently formed - the future harvest. Therefore, one of the main tasks is to conduct such agrotechnical techniques that can provide assimilation surface of potato leaves of optimal size. In order to get a potato crop of 40-45 tons per hectare, the required assimilation surface area of the leaves of potato plants should reach 40-50 thousand m2 per hectare, and in this case potato plants will provide themselves with nutrients, carbon dioxide and water. The formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves is inextricably linked with the methods of preparing planting material, the prevailing weather conditions, as well as the level of mineral nutrition. The maximum leaf area was recorded in the flowering phase of potato plants. The leaves of the upper tier had the highest absorption capacity, since they were least shaded. Due to the fact that the leaves of the lower tiers form less organic matter in the process of photosynthesis, their growth and development is largely due to the influx of nutrients from the leaves of the upper tier. The incoming substances are quickly consumed by the leaves, as a result of which they quickly die off. In order to obtain a high yield of good quality, it is necessary to create conditions under which the leaf surface area reaches the optimal size as quickly as possible and remains as long as possible.