The article discusses the formation of planting density and spring wheat crop structure depending on varietal characteristics and seed dressing in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. Varieties Margarita, Simbirtsit and Prokhorovka were studied. The second factor is seed treatment in three grades: 1. Without treatment (control). 2. Seed treatment with Benlat. 3. Seed treatment with Nano-Gro. The results of the analysis of the formation of field germination of seeds, the safety of plants and elements of the structure of the crop are presented. The effect of Nano-Gro in combination with the seed dresser Benlat was also studied. It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with Nano-Gro solution increases the formation of planting density, field germination and the structure of the spring wheat crop (Terekhov MB, 2000; Kodanev I.M., 1984; Makarova V.M., 1995; Shashkarov L.G., 2018; Tolstova S.L., 2018; Aleksandrova A.N. 2018). The formation of highly productive crops is influenced by field germination of seeds. At least 400-500 plants per 1 m2 should be considered the optimal density of seedlings of grain crops in the Chuvash Republic with a sowing rate of 6 million germinating grains per 1 ha, and field germination of 70-80% is achieved (Kodanev I.M., 1984). In our studies, the density of seedlings and field germination of seeds depended on both varietal characteristics and meteorological conditions that developed during the sowing - seedlings.

The article deals with the influence of the seeding depth of tubers and pre-sowing treatment methods on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The depth of planting of tubers and preplant preparation methods of tubers for planting have a direct impact on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The future harvest of potatoes depends on the formation of the leaf surface. Indeed, during the entire growing season, the leaf surface of potato plants does not remain unchanged. It is the leaf surface that is the key element in the synthesis of organic substances, from which tubers are subsequently formed - the future harvest. Therefore, one of the main tasks is to conduct such agrotechnical techniques that can provide assimilation surface of potato leaves of optimal size. In order to get a potato crop of 40-45 tons per hectare, the required assimilation surface area of the leaves of potato plants should reach 40-50 thousand m2 per hectare, and in this case potato plants will provide themselves with nutrients, carbon dioxide and water. The formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves is inextricably linked with the methods of preparing planting material, the prevailing weather conditions, as well as the level of mineral nutrition. The maximum leaf area was recorded in the flowering phase of potato plants. The leaves of the upper tier had the highest absorption capacity, since they were least shaded. Due to the fact that the leaves of the lower tiers form less organic matter in the process of photosynthesis, their growth and development is largely due to the influx of nutrients from the leaves of the upper tier. The incoming substances are quickly consumed by the leaves, as a result of which they quickly die off. In order to obtain a high yield of good quality, it is necessary to create conditions under which the leaf surface area reaches the optimal size as quickly as possible and remains as long as possible.

The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using leguminous crops for grain as potato precursors. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 in Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Chuvash Republic. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loam granulometric composition with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.9%, mobile phosphorus - 140 and exchange potassium - 160 mg/kg of soil, pH - 5.1 units. Narrow leaf lupine, soybeans and fodder beans for grain were used as potato precursors; control was employed steam (vetch barley mixture for green fodder). Potato planting was carried out on May 10. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times, the size of the plots is 1.5 per 10 m, an area of 15 m2. The planting scheme of potatoes is 70 by 30 cm with embedment of tubers to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm. In the experiment, an early ripe variety Udacha was grown. Before planting, the tubers were treated with the insecto-fungicide Emesto Quantum (0.32 l/t). Plant care included pre-emergence and two post-emergence row-spacings cultivation, hilling, and weeding. The best precursors for potatoes are narrow-leaved lupins and soybeans. In these cases, there is a significant increase in tuber yield by 31.2 and 30.8%, dry matter - by 6.7 and 9.2%, and starch - by 4.3 and 5.5%, respectively.

This article presents the results of research work on the development of a new variety of spring triticale, suitable for baking. The work was carried out in the Chuvash Republic. The soils of the experimental site are dark – gray forest, heavy-loamy, unwashed. The climatic conditions are favorable for growing spring triticale. The pilot site is located in the Central agroclimatic zone. Breeding work was started in 2011. The breeding method is hybridization. The varieties of spring triticale as Rovnya and Saur are involved in the crossing. An elite plant was selected in 2013. In the next two years, small station tests were conducted, then two years-competitive station tests; in 2018-2020 – environmental variety testing. The standard - Rovnya variety. The new Narspi variety has a high yield – an average of 65 centners per hectare over the past three years, which is to 18 centners per hectare more than the standard. The grain size of Narspi variety was 731.7 grams per litre, while the value of this indicator in the Rovnya variety was 712.7 grams per litre. The weight of 1000 grains in the new variety is also higher than the standard and on average for three years reached 47.5 grams. The new variety is suitable for baking. The volume yield of bread when baking bread from flour obtained from Narspi grain was 273 cm3/100 grams of flour, which is higher than the standard for 30 cm3/100 grams of flour. The content of raw gluten in the new grain reaches a value of 28%, which is 7% higher than the standard. According to the results of the tests, an application for registration of a new variety of Narspi in the register of breeding achievements was submitted in 2020

УДК631 .8 : 635.21 ДИНАМИКА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГЛУБИНЫ ПОСАДКИ КЛУБНЕЙ И РАСЧЕТНЫХ НОРМ УДОБРЕНИЙ Самаркин А.А., Мефодьев Г.А.Реферат. В статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния густоты посадки клубней и расчетных норм удобрений на динамику элементов питания картофеля в условиях юго-восточной части Волго-Вятской зоны. Густота посадки клубней и расчетные нормы удобрений оказывает непосредственное влияние на динамику элементов питания картофеля содержания и выноса элементов минерального питания растениями картофеля, на выщелоченных черноземах юго-восточной части Волго-Вятской зоны. На накопление элементов минерального питания заметное влияние также оказывают погодные условия, складывающиеся в течение вегетации растений картофеля. Картофель требовательна к почвенному плодородию. При хорошем урожае она потребляет и отчуждает из почвы большое количество питательных веществ. С увеличением густоты посадки клубней и расчетных норм удобрений соответственно увеличивается и вынос элементов минерального питания. Исследования показали, что максимально высокое содержание азота в почве наблюдалось в период начала вегетации растений картофеляв момент появления всходов. Максимальной концентрации фосфор достигал в фазы бутонизации и цветения картофеля. В ходе вегетации растений картофеля содержание обменного калия увеличивается и в фазу бутонизации достигает максимального значения. После цветения показатель калия в почве начал сокращаться и на момент уборки достиг минимального значения.Ключевые слова: картофель, калий, фосфор, азот, густота посадки, бутонизация, цветение. DYNAMICS OF POTATO NUTRIENTS DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING DEPTH OF TUBERS AND ESTIMATED NORMS OF FERTILIZERS Samarkin A.A., Mefodiev G.A. Abstract.The article discusses the impact of tuber planting density and fertilizer design norms on the dynamics of potato nutrients in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers have a direct impact on the dynamics of the nutritional elements of the potato content and removal of mineral nutrition elements by the potato plants on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The accumulation of elements of mineral nutrition is also significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of potato plants. Potatoes are demanding on soil fertility. With a good harvest, it consumes and alienates a large amount of nutrients from the soil. With an increase in the density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers, respectively, the removal of mineral nutrients also increases. Studies have shown that the highest nitrogen content in the soil was observed during the beginning of the growing season of potato plants -at the time of emergence. The maximum concentration of phosphorus reached in the phase of budding and flowering of potatoes. During the growing season of potato plants, the content of exchangeable potassium increases and reaches a maximum value in the budding phase. A...