The Influence of Leguminous Plants as Precedents on Productivity and Quality of Potatoes

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using leguminous crops for grain as potato precursors. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 in Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Chuvash Republic. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loam granulometric composition with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.9%, mobile phosphorus - 140 and exchange potassium - 160 mg/kg of soil, pH - 5.1 units. Narrow leaf lupine, soybeans and fodder beans for grain were used as potato precursors; control was employed steam (vetch barley mixture for green fodder). Potato planting was carried out on May 10. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times, the size of the plots is 1.5 per 10 m, an area of 15 m2. The planting scheme of potatoes is 70 by 30 cm with embedment of tubers to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm. In the experiment, an early ripe variety Udacha was grown. Before planting, the tubers were treated with the insecto-fungicide Emesto Quantum (0.32 l/t). Plant care included pre-emergence and two post-emergence row-spacings cultivation, hilling, and weeding. The best precursors for potatoes are narrow-leaved lupins and soybeans. In these cases, there is a significant increase in tuber yield by 31.2 and 30.8%, dry matter - by 6.7 and 9.2%, and starch - by 4.3 and 5.5%, respectively.