Formation of vortices in long microcavities at low Reynolds number

Osterman, Natan; Derganc, Jure; Svenšek, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s10404-015-1689-7

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this configuration, the buffer-triolein interface is not disturbed by the flow in the main channel, whereas the solutes from the main channel are free to diffuse to the oil surface. In terms of diffusion and hydrodynamic characteristics, this system is similar to microfluidic cavities ( Osterman et al, 2016 ; Vrhovec et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional stability of a perilipin on lipid droplets depends on its polar residues, suggesting multimeric assembly

Giménez-Andrés

Emeršič

Antoine-Bally

et al. 2021

eLife

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Numerous proteins target lipid droplets (LDs) through amphipathic helices (AHs). It is generally assumed that AHs insert bulky hydrophobic residues in packing defects at the LD surface. However, this model does not explain the targeting of perilipins, the most abundant and specific amphipathic proteins of LDs, which are weakly hydrophobic. A striking example is Plin4, whose gigantic and repetitive AH lacks bulky hydrophobic residues. Using a range of complementary approaches, we show that Plin4 forms a remarkably immobile and stable protein layer at the surface of cellular or in vitro generated oil droplets, and decreases LD size. Plin4 AH stability on LDs is exquisitely sensitive to the nature and distribution of its polar residues. These results suggest that Plin4 forms stable arrangements of adjacent AHs via polar/electrostatic interactions, reminiscent of the organization of apolipoproteins in lipoprotein particles, thus pointing to a general mechanism of AH stabilization via lateral interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional stability of a perilipin on lipid droplets depends on its polar residues, suggesting multimeric assembly

Giménez-Andrés

Emeršič

Antoine-Bally

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…The diffusion chamber (100 μm × 250 μm × 40 μm) is a dead-end channel extending sideways from the main channel. The chamber is essentially flow-free, and therefore, the exchange of solutes between the main channel and diffusion chamber only occurs via passive diffusion ( 66 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oomycete NLP cytolysin forms transient small pores in lipid membranes

et al. 2022

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Microbial plant pathogens secrete a range of effector proteins that damage host plants and consequently constrain global food production. Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1–like proteins (NLPs) are produced by numerous phytopathogenic microbes that cause important crop diseases. Many NLPs are cytolytic, causing cell death and tissue necrosis by disrupting the plant plasma membrane. Here, we reveal the unique molecular mechanism underlying the membrane damage induced by the cytotoxic model NLP. This membrane disruption is a multistep process that includes electrostatic-driven, plant-specific lipid recognition, shallow membrane binding, protein aggregation, and transient pore formation. The NLP-induced damage is not caused by membrane reorganization or large-scale defects but by small membrane ruptures. This distinct mechanism of lipid membrane disruption is highly adapted to effectively damage plant cells.

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“…In particular, the alveolar topology defines the location of the separation surface and the ensuing vortex, , underlining the importance of the relative position of the alveolar mouth opening along the acinar duct . Here, recent microfluidic models have contributed to a wealth of experimental flow visualization studies to quantitatively map the rich diversity of cavity flows arising at low Re. ,,,, Namely, the transition from attached to separated (or detached) recirculating cavity flows is intimately tied to the magnitude of the Re number in the duct (or channel) and directly correlates with the strength of the shear layer over the cavity opening. The role of ductal Re on the formation of separated flows has been parametrically quantified in various canonical geometries, including, for example, in both rectangular , (Figure ) and cylindrical microfluidic cavities (Figure ).…”

Section: Alveolar Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alveolar Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Airflow and Aerosol Transport Phenomena in the Deep Lungs with Microfluidics

Sznitman

2021

Chem. Rev.

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The dynamics of respiratory airflows and the associated transport mechanisms of inhaled aerosols characteristic of the deep regions of the lungs are of broad interest in assessing both respiratory health risks and inhalation therapy outcomes. In the present review, we present a comprehensive discussion of our current understanding of airflow and aerosol transport phenomena that take place within the unique and complex anatomical environment of the deep lungs, characterized by submillimeter 3D alveolated airspaces and nominally slow resident airflows, known as low-Reynolds-number flows. We exemplify the advances brought forward by experimental efforts, in conjunction with numerical simulations, to revisit past mechanistic theories of respiratory airflow and particle transport in the distal acinar regions. Most significantly, we highlight how microfluidic-based platforms spanning the past decade have accelerated opportunities to deliver anatomically inspired in vitro solutions that capture with sufficient realism and accuracy the leading mechanisms governing both respiratory airflow and aerosol transport at true scale. Despite ongoing challenges and limitations with microfabrication techniques, the efforts witnessed in recent years have provided previously unattainable in vitro quantifications on the local transport properties in the deep pulmonary acinar airways. These may ultimately provide new opportunities to explore improved strategies of inhaled drug delivery to the deep acinar regions by investigating further the mechanistic interactions between airborne particulate carriers and respiratory airflows at the pulmonary microscales.

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Formation of vortices in long microcavities at low Reynolds number

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Exceptional stability of a perilipin on lipid droplets depends on its polar residues, suggesting multimeric assembly

Exceptional stability of a perilipin on lipid droplets depends on its polar residues, suggesting multimeric assembly

An oomycete NLP cytolysin forms transient small pores in lipid membranes

Revisiting Airflow and Aerosol Transport Phenomena in the Deep Lungs with Microfluidics

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