Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Noble-Metal Nanoheterogeneous Catalysts: Towards Sustainable Hydrogen-Based Energy

Abstract

The need for sustainable energy sources is now more urgent than ever, and hydrogen is significant in the future of energy. However, several obstacles remain in the way of widespread hydrogen use, most of which are related to transport and storage. Dilute formic acid (FA) is recognized asa a safe fuel for low-temperature fuel cells. This review examines FA as a potential hydrogen storage molecule that can be dehydrogenated to yield highly pure hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with very little carbon monoxide (CO) gas produced via nanoheterogeneous catalysts. It also present the use of Au and Pd as nanoheterogeneous catalysts for formic acid liquid phase decomposition, focusing on the influence of noble metals in monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic compositions on the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA under mild temperatures (20–50 °C). The review shows that FA production from CO2 without a base by direct catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation is far more sustainable than existing techniques. Finally, using FA as an energy carrier to selectively release hydrogen for fuel cell power generation appears to be a potential technique.

Production of H2-Free Carbon Monoxide from Formic Acid Dehydration: The Catalytic Role of Acid Sites in Sulfated Zirconia

“…Depending on the type of catalyst, the catalytic decomposition of formic acid proceeds via two different routes: dehydration (Equation (1)) to CO and H 2 O over acidic catalysts, and dehydrogenation (Equation (2)) to H 2 and CO 2 over metal or basic catalysts [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. To date, dehydrogenation of formic acid has been more intensively studied than dehydration as a means of hydrogen storage and carriers [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Optimal Dispatch of the Energy Demand in Electrical Distribution Grid with Reserve Scheduling

“…In this figure, generation side including diesel generators (DGs) and upstream grid (UG). The DGs are feed by fossil fuels for electrical energy generation [31]- [35]. The power generation by UG has different prices at each hour of day.…”

Toward a Hydrogen Economy: Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Chemical Hydrogen Storage and Release Reactions

“…In the area of chemical hydrogen storage and release, many outstanding reviews, perspectives, and accounts on heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic systems have sprung up, ,,− most of which focus on one of the chemical H 2 carriers [formic acid (including formate salts), − N -heterocycles, ,,− (aromatic) hydrocarbons, ,− ammonia, , ammonia–borane, or dimethyl ether] or on the individual hydrogen production/​release reactions. − Notably, in a large proportion of the previous reports, only one individual reaction, either H 2 storage or H 2 release, is involved or discussed rather than combining those individual reactions to demonstrate the overall concept of chemical H 2 batteries; even the research works are very often entitled to contain the topic of “H 2 storage and release”. Those examples are not considered in this Review.…”