Formic Acid Oxidation in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell: A Real‐Time Mass‐Spectrometry Study

Weber, M.; Wang, J.‐T.; Wasmus, S.; Savinell, Robert F.

doi:10.1149/1.1836961

Cited by 142 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, an open circuit voltage around 0.6-0.7 V and a peak power of more than 0.2 W cm −2 have been achieved at 200 • C under atmospheric pressure. Ünsal et al [126,127] operated a DMFC using the commercial Celtec ® -V MEA based on PBI-PVPA membranes, showing higher OCV and better fuel cell performance than Nafion 117 at methanol concentrations above 1 M. Other types of fuels, for example, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol [241], trimethoxymethane [242] and formic acid [243] have also been investigated.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,242

852

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. To achieve high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), preferably under ambient pressure, acid-base polymer membranes represent an effective approach. The phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane seems so far the most successful system in the field. It has in recent years motivated extensive research activities with great progress. This treatise is devoted to updating the development, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies. To optimize the membrane properties, high molecular weight polymers with synthetically modified or N-substituted structures have been synthesized. Techniques for membrane casting from organic solutions and directly from acid solutions have been developed. Ionic and covalent cross-linking as well as inorganic-organic composites has been explored. Membrane characterizations have been made including spectroscopy, water uptake and acid doping, thermal and oxidative stability, conductivity, electro-osmotic water drag, methanol crossover, solubility and permeability of gases, and oxygen reduction kinetics. Related fuel cell technologies such as electrode and MEA fabrication have been developed and high temperature PEMFC has been successfully demonstrated at temperatures of up to 200• C under ambient pressure. No gas humidification is mandatory, which enables the elimination of the complicated humidification system, compared with Nafion cells. Other operating features of the PBI cell include easy control of air flow rate, cell temperature and cooling. The PBI cell operating at above 150• C can tolerate up to 1% CO and 10 ppm SO 2 in the fuel stream, allowing for simplification of the fuel processing system and possible integration of the fuel cell stack with fuel processing units. Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at 150-160• C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g. optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid-base interaction and acid management, activity and stability of catalyst and more importantly the catalyst support, as well as the integral interface between electrode and membrane.

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Section: Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,242

852

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The flexibility and the performance implications of operating membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell (MLSPBFC) under "acid-alkaline media, " that is, one electrode is acidic and the other one is alkaline condition, will be the focus of this study. Recent catalysis and fuel cell research has indicated that formic acid may be a good alternative to the common fuels of hydrogen and methanol [7,8]. Even though formic acid has a lower energy density than methanol, 7.49 and 17.5 J/mL, respectively, the possibility for a significant increase in performance with the correct catalyst exists [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Membraneless Sodium Perborate Fuel Cell for Media Flexible Power Generation

Ponmani

Durga

Arun

et al. 2014

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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This paper reports the media flexibility of membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell (MLSPBFC) using acid/alkaline bipolar electrolyte in which the anode is in acidic media while the cathode is in alkaline media, or vice versa. Investigation of the cell operation is conducted by using formic acid as a fuel and sodium perborate as an oxidant for the first time under "acid-alkaline media" configurations. The MLSPBFC architecture enables interchangeable operation with different media combinations. The experimental results indicate that operating under "acid-alkaline media" conditions significantly improves the fuel cell performance compared with all-acidic and all-alkaline conditions. The effects of flow rates and the concentrations of various species at both the anode and cathode on the cell performance are also investigated. It has been demonstrated that the laminar flow based microfluidic membraneless fuel cell can reach a maximum power density of 28.2 mW cm −2 with a fuel mixture flow rate of 0.3 mL min −1 at room temperature.

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“…Purely fundamental reactions on single crystal electrode surfaces, including a determination of the surface coverage with a given species by electrodesorption and mass spectrometric detection, serve to build a link to similar studies in surface science (typically in UHV). Reactions at carbon supported nanoparticles were also studied [9,10], as well as decomposition reactions in nonaqueous solvents [11,12], and modifications of the technique allowed to study side products formed in batteries and fuel cells [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry

Baltruschat

2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

337

326

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Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) can be used not only to identify products or intermediates of continuous faradaic reactions, but also to characterize submonolayer amounts of adsorbates on polycrystalline and single crystal electrode surfaces by means of their desorption, because of its high sensitivity. One possibility to achieve this is to oxidize a carbonaceous species to CO 2 , which is quantitatively detected in the mass spectrometer. Many adsorbates can also be desorbed at certain potentials as such, or as the hydrogenated product, allowing a more direct characterization of the adsorbate. In some cases, a nonreactive desorption can be induced by displacement with a second adsorbate, yielding additional information. Interfacing an electrochemical cell to a mass spectrometer via a porous Teflon membrane can be achieved with a variety of cells. These will be described together with their specific advantages and characteristics. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2004, 15, 1693-1706

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Formic Acid Oxidation in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell: A Real‐Time Mass‐Spectrometry Study

Cited by 142 publications

References 0 publications

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Development of Membraneless Sodium Perborate Fuel Cell for Media Flexible Power Generation

Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry

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