Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Brown, Jennifer Valeska Elli; Walsh, Verena; McGuire, William

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002972.pub3

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the entire range of the microbial groups detected in breast milk are similar with both term and preterm deliveries 61 . Therefore, maternal milk is the preferred mode of feeding for all infants, both term and preterm 51,92‐94 …”

Section: Early Colonization In Healthy Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Kapourchali

Cresci

2020

Nut in Clin Prac

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The early-life microbiome is gaining appreciation as a major influencer in human development and long-term health. Multiple factors are known to influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. In addition, alterations in early-life gut microbial composition is associated with several chronic health conditions such as obesity, asthma, and allergies. In this review, we focus on both maternal and infant factors known to influence early-life gut colonization. Also reviewed is the important role of infant feeding, including evidence-based strategies for maternal and infant supplementation with the goal to protect and/or restore the infant gut microbiome.

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Section: Early Colonization In Healthy Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Kapourchali

Cresci

2020

Nut in Clin Prac

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“…Several observational studies have shown that human milk is superior to formula milk in reducing the rate of comorbidities. It is difficult to determine the direct role of human milk in modulating the risk of comorbidities, as randomized controlled trials cannot be conducted due to the ethical implications inherent in the randomization of human milk feeding; thus, observational studies are useful in situations in which randomized controlled trials are unethical [ 4 ]. Despite the potential limitations of observational study designs, several studies have shown that human milk feeding can reduce the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) more than formula feeding can [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Human Milk and Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Effects of Human Milk on Morbidity in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants

et al. 2020

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“…Breast milk provides optimal nutrients and protective factors that enhance immune and gastrointestinal systems, as well as supports long-term neurodevelopment of VLBW preterm infants ( Andreas et al, 2015 ; Brown et al, 2019 ; Patra et al, 2017 ; Sammallahti et al, 2017 ; Walker, 2010 ). Current recommendations emphasize that preterm newborn infants should receive the mother's milk or HM donated to the Human Milk Bank (HMB), plus commercial fortifiers to improve the milk composition, since milk is the singular nutritional source for infants ( Bertino et al, 2013 ; Colaizy et al, 2012 ; Dutta et al, 2015 ; Valentine et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential and toxic elements in human milk concentrate with human milk lyophilizate: A preclinical study

Oliveira

Trevilato

Aragon

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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Concentrated human milk (HM-concentrate) can be obtained from the simple and inexpensive method of donated breast milk direct lyophilization. A previous study reported that HM-concentrate contains the adequate amount of main macro- and micronutrients for use as a nutritional resource for preterm infants with very low birth weight admitted to neonatal intensive care units. However, further details need to be elucidated about HM-concentrate composition, particularly its content of essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the concentration of essential and toxic elements in human milk considered baseline (HM-baseline) and HM-concentrate, as well as to quantify changes in concentration of these elements after the HM concentration process. The concentration of Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Mercury, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Tin, and Thallium was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Moreover, Bayesian linear mixed effect models were applied to estimate the mean difference between HM-baseline and HM-concentrate samples. After comparison (HM-concentrate versus HM-baseline), a significant increase in concentration was observed only for Manganese (0.80 μg/L; 95% CrI [0.16; 1.43]) and Selenium (6.74 μg/L; 95% CrI [4.66; 8.86]), while Lead concentration (−6.13 μg/L; 95% CrI [-8.63; −3.61]) decreased. This study provides latest and reliable information about HM composition. After milk concentration by lyophilization, there was a significant increase only in the essential elements Manganese and Selenium. The essential micronutrient content in HM-concentrate was similar or higher than that in preterm mothers' milk, which suggests it is viable for nutritional support of preterm infants. In addition, the low concentrations of potentially toxic elements in HM-concentrate indicates that it is safe for consumption by premature newborns.

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Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Abstract: We thank Kath Wright and Melissa Harden for developing and running the electronic searches and managing the database of study reports.

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

The Potential Effects of Human Milk on Morbidity in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants

Essential and toxic elements in human milk concentrate with human milk lyophilizate: A preclinical study

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