Formulating fungal spores to prevent infection by trichostrongylids in a zoological park: Practical approaches to a persisting problem

Palomero, A. M.; Cazapal-Monteiro, C.; Viña, Cándido; Hernández, José Ángel; Voinot, M.; Vila, María del Pilar Cagiao; Silva, María I.; Paz-Silvạ, A.; Sánchez-Andrade, R.; Arias, M.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104466

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Finally, since all Mucor strains were isolated from avian fresh fecal samples, and showed interesting lytic activity on coccidian oocysts, it can be suggested that these strains resisted to the gastrointestinal passage in chickens and peacocks, and maintained both their germination and predatory capacities, as previously demonstrated in birds for the ovicidal fungus P. chlamydosporia 50 and larvicidal fungi D. flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium 51 . The fact that all Mucor isolates were obtained from feces belonging to healthy birds, allows also to suggest their innocuity to immunocompetent birds, as demonstrated by other researchers for horses 37 , sheep 20 , dogs 28 and wapitis 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Their isolation from fecal matter, which frequently also harbours environmental forms of intestinal parasites, proves that fungi and parasites naturally establish relationships in the fecal and soil microenvironment, with the formers being a nutritional source for predatory fungi 17 , 29 , 36 . Also, the isolation of this type of fungi from feces belonging to healthy animals demonstrates the equilibrium in which these microorganisms are within the intestinal environment, and thus their innocuity to immunocompetent animals 17 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 37 – 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The biocontrol of animal gastrointestinal parasitic infections using predatory fungi has already proved to be an accurate and sustainable complement to antiparasitic drugs, achieving efficacies of up to 97% in reducing the parasite egg shedding (number of eggs per gram of feces, EPG) in horses and ruminants 11 – 23 . However, only a few in vitro and in vivo studies have assessed the performance of predatory fungi against parasites affecting other animal hosts, namely birds, dogs, raccoons and wapitis 10 , 19 , 24 – 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of saprophytic filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and assessment of its predatory activity on coccidian oocysts

Lozano

Louro

Almeida³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Fungal strains used in the biocontrol of animal gastrointestinal parasites have been mainly isolated from pasture soil, decaying organic matter, and feces from herbivores and carnivores. However, their isolation from birds and assessment of predatory activity against avian GI parasites has been scarce thus far. This research aimed to isolate filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and evaluate their predatory activity against coccidia. A pool of 58 fecal samples from chickens, laying hens, and peacocks, previously collected between July 2020-April 2021, were used for isolation of filamentous fungi and assessment of their in vitro predatory activity against coccidian oocysts, using Water-Agar medium and coprocultures. The Willis-flotation technique was also performed to obtain concentrated suspensions of oocysts. A total of seven Mucor isolates was obtained, being the only fungal taxa identified, and all presented lytic activity against coccidia. Isolates FR3, QP2 and SJ1 had significant coccidiostatic efficacies (inhibition of sporulation) higher than 70%, while isolates FR1, QP2 and QP1 had coccidicidal efficacies (destruction of the oocysts) of 22%, 14% and 8%, respectively, after 14 days of incubation, being a gradual and time-dependent process. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the isolation of native predatory fungi from avian feces and demonstration of their lytic activity against coccidia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of saprophytic filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and assessment of its predatory activity on coccidian oocysts

Lozano

Louro

Almeida³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The combination of chemical controls and NF involves chemical anthelmintic drugs and organic compounds, and the combination of these two kinds of compounds with NF has different effects. Among them, the combination between chemical drugs and NF seems to be effective, because the former acts on nematodes in animals, whereas the latter acts on free-living nematodes in pasture [19,102]. From the perspective of the predation target, this combination could disrupt the whole life cycle of nematodes, but there have been relatively few successful cases of doing so.…”

Section: Coadministration Of Fungi With Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals

Gong

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.

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“…Both larvicidal and ovicidal fungi have been used in several in vitro and in vivo experiments, being unanimously considered an accurate and sustainable tool for the control of GI parasites, resulting in a reduction in the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of 60-97% in field trials with grazing animals [28,[31][32][33][34][35]. The lack of adverse effects of D. flagrans on soil nematodes [36], as well as the innocuousness of M. circinelloides and D. flagrans on several animal species [35,37] should also be underlined.…”

Section: Biocontrol Of Gi Parasites Using Predatory Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol of Avian Gastrointestinal Parasites Using Predatory Fungi: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Lozano

Almeida²,

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Parasitologia

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This review describes the current research status regarding the implementation of predatory fungi in the biological control approach of bird gastrointestinal (GI) parasitosis. The main GI parasites of Galliformes (e.g., broilers, layers, peacocks, pheasants) and Ratites (e.g., ostriches, emus, rheas) are addressed, as well as their impact on farms, zoos, and private collections. The main characteristics regarding biocontrol with predatory fungi are briefly described, such as their mode of action and efficacy against GI parasites of different animal hosts. The state of the art regarding the use of predatory fungi in birds is reviewed here by describing all associated articles already published in the main databases, techniques, and their main findings. Ovicidal fungi such as Pochonia chlamydosporia, Metarhizium spp. and Acremonium spp., and larvicidal fungi, namely Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys spp. and Monacrosporium thaumasium, have shown promising predacious activity against ascarid eggs and nematode larvae from chickens and ostriches, both in vitro and in vivo, also revealing tolerance to the GI passage in chickens and maintenance of predacious capacity. Further studies are needed to understand the fungi–parasite–host gut microbiota interactions and target other avian GI parasitic species, such as nematodes, coccidia, cestodes, and trematodes.

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Formulating fungal spores to prevent infection by trichostrongylids in a zoological park: Practical approaches to a persisting problem

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Isolation of saprophytic filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and assessment of its predatory activity on coccidian oocysts

Isolation of saprophytic filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and assessment of its predatory activity on coccidian oocysts

Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals

Biocontrol of Avian Gastrointestinal Parasites Using Predatory Fungi: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

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