Formulation and Characterization of Alginate-Based Membranes for the Potential Transdermal Delivery of Methotrexate

Abstract

The aim of this study is to obtain and characterize of alginate-based membranes, as well as to choose the most suitable membrane type for the transdermal release of methotrexate. The paper presents the synthesis of four types of membranes based on alginate to which are added other copolymers (Carbopol, Tween, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone) as well as other components with different roles. Membranes and binary mixtures made between the components used in membrane synthesis and methotrexate are analyzed by thermogravimetric techniques, FTIR and UV spectroscopic techniques as well as SEM. The analyses aim to establish the type of membrane most indicated in the use of the controlled release of methotrexate, namely those membranes in which there are no interactions that could inactivate the active substance. Following these studies, it was concluded that membranes obtained from alginate/alginate and Tw can be used for methotrexate release. The membrane obtained from alginate and carbopol was excluded from the beginning because it is not homogeneous. Regarding the AGP-MTX membrane, it presents interactions with the active substance, carboxylate group interactions argued by TGA and FTIR studies, and interactions that occur in aqueous medium.

Preliminary Study for the Preparation of Transmucosal or Transdermal Patches with Acyclovir and Lidocaine

“…As expected, no active substance melting processes are observed. For two active substance membranes, considering the lower concentration of each active substance, the endothermal decomposition process, seen previously over 500 °C [ 27 ], occurs at 360–380 °C, which can be explained by the Av distribution and concentration within the membrane, thus indicating a possible interaction with said membrane. For membranes containing only Av , the active substance concentration is double, and therefore this process is apparent at temperatures higher than 400 °C.…”

“…Literature proves that thermal analysis techniques are methods used in the physico-chemical characterization of various materials used in the pharmaceutical industry. Thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Thermogravimetry (TG) are widely used in studies of pre-formulation, drugs, and substance development of pharmaceutical interest [ 26 , 27 ]. Thermal analysis techniques are used in many studies to study incompatibilities between active substances: excipients [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] and also Pharmacopeias described the thermal analysis methods as general techniques.…”

Curcumin and Graphene Oxide Incorporated into Alginate Hydrogels as Versatile Devices for the Local Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The ALG showed bands at 3000–3600 cm −1 (stretching of OH bonds) and 1600–1422 cm −1 (asymmetric and symmetric stretching of carboxyl groups) [ 53 ]. The same groups were found in GO, with the stretching of OH and COOH located at 3399 and 1753 cm −1 [ 54 ], respectively, whilst the peak at 1074 cm −1 was attributed to the stretching of the C-O group.…”

“…The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) patterns of CUR@HALG-GO showed the presence of the typical absorption peaks of all components of the hybrid systems (Figure 3). The ALG showed bands at 3000-3600 cm −1 (stretching of OH bonds) and 1600-1422 cm −1 (asymmetric and symmetric stretching of carboxyl groups) [53]. The same groups The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) patterns of CUR@HALG-GO showed the presence of the typical absorption peaks of all components of the hybrid systems (Figure 3).…”

“…The same groups The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) patterns of CUR@HALG-GO showed the presence of the typical absorption peaks of all components of the hybrid systems (Figure 3). The ALG showed bands at 3000-3600 cm −1 (stretching of OH bonds) and 1600-1422 cm −1 (asymmetric and symmetric stretching of carboxyl groups) [53]. The same groups were found in GO, with the stretching of OH and COOH located at 3399 and 1753 cm −1 [54], respectively, whilst the peak at 1074 cm −1 was attributed to the stretching of the C-O A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the CUR, CA-GO, CA-CUR, and CA-GO-CUR hydrogels was performed in order to determine their thermal stability (Figure 4a).…”