Formulation and Characterization of Kaffir Lime Oil Nanoemulsion

Abstract

Kaffir lime oil has many health benefits. However, an obstacle to its commercial use is oxidation during storage. Nanoemulsions (particulate colloidal systems) have been shown to be suitable carriers for lipophilic essential oil constituents due to amphipathic compounds that facilitate solubility. The objectives of this study were to formulate thermodynamically stable kaffir lime oil nanoemulsions and to investigate their physicochemical properties. Air-dried leaves of kaffir lime were subjected to steam distillation to obtain essential oil. Preparation of nanoemulsions was done using the spontaneous emulsification method. Tween 80 and propylene glycol were selected as surfactant mix components. The oil phase consisted of Miglyol 812 as a carrier oil for kaffir lime oil while double-distilled water was used in the aqueous phase. The best formula with transmittance above 95% and highest essential oil content was selected. It contained 20% of Tween 80, 10% of propylene glycol, 1.25% Miglyol 812, and 3.75% kaffir lime essential oil. This formula was then characterized and its thermodynamic stability determined. . The results showed that kaffir lime oil nanoemulsions were thermodynamically stable and robustly withstood variations in temperature, centrifugation, and long-term storage. Additionally, the nanoemulsions had low viscosity, which may facilitate its development as a pharmaceutical compound.

Physical Properties, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Digestibility of Essential Oil Nanoemulsions of Betel and Pandan Leaves

“…PDI value is a dimensionless parameter from 0 (monodispersed system) to 1 (polydispersed system) that indicates the width of the PSD. When the nanoemulsion has a similar particle size, the PDI will be less than 0.05, but if the nanoemulsion has different particles sizes, the PDI will be higher than 0.7. , The lower the PDI, the more homogeneous the PSD and the higher the stability of the emulsion system . A PDI value lower than 0.2 indicates a monodispersed system .…”

“…14,29 The lower the PDI, the more homogeneous the PSD and the higher the stability of the emulsion system. 30 A PDI value lower than 0.2 indicates a monodispersed system. 31 Based on the results, the PDI value of pandan leaf EONE (0.54 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than that of betel leaf EONE (0.23 ± 0.02) and betel/pandan leaf EONE (0.26 ± 0.02) (p < 0.05).…”

Antibacterial Activity of Rosemary Oil Against Propionibacterium acnes and The Formulation into Nanoemulsion System

“…%Transmitan: Pengujian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran % transmitan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV/Vis pada panjang gelombang 650 nm menggunakan aquadest sebagai blanko 17 .…”

Uji Aktivitas Inhibitor Tirosinase Ekstrak Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao L.) dan Formulasinya dalam Bentuk Sediaan Nanoemulsi

“…Hasil optimasi formula basis nanoemulsi tanpa penambahan ekstrak diperlihatkan pada tabel 2. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa formula yang paling sesuai untuk dijadikan formula basis nanoemulsi adalah F6, karena memiliki nilai % transmittan >95% yang menggambarkan kejernihan dari sediaan dan mengindikasikan keberhasilan pembentukan nanoglobul [30]. Selanjutnya dibuat formula akhir nanoemulsi mengacu pada formula dasar F6 dengan penambahan ekstrak kulit buah cokelat sebanyak 1% (tabel 3).…”