Formulation and Data-Driven Optimization for Maximizing the Photovoltaic Power with Tilt Angle Adjustment

Abstract

This paper reports on how the trade-off between the incident solar irradiance and conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic panel affects its power production. A neural network was developed through statistical analysis and a data-driven approach to accurately calculate the photovoltaic panel’s power output. Although the incident beam irradiance at a specified location directly relates to the tilt angle, the diffusion irradiance and energy conversion efficiency are nonlinearly dependent on a number of operating parameters, including cell temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc. A mathematical model was implemented to examine and cross-validate the physics of the neural network. Through simulation and comparison of the optimized results for different time horizons, it was found that hourly optimization can increase the energy generated from the photovoltaic panel by up to 42.07%. Additionally, compared to the base scenario, annually, monthly, and hourly optimization can result in 9.7%, 12.74%, and 24.78% more power, respectively. This study confirms the data-driven approach is an effective tool for optimizing solar power. It recommends adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic panels hourly, during the daily operation of maximizing the energy output and reducing solar costs.

A Simulation Model Based on Experimental Data to Determine the Optimal Tilt Angle for a Fixed Photovoltaic Panel

“…The study found that a tilt angle of 15 degrees and a 4-foot interrow spacing were the most efficient, as they provided the highest total collector irradiance, performance ratio, and annual energy output. Ye et al (2022) developed a novel approach to optimize the energy output of solar farms based on data analysis. The approach focuses on powerbased optimization and has been proven to yield different tilt angles compared to conventional irradiance-based optimization.…”

The Status and Prospects for Developming Photovoltaic Power Stations With Sun Tracking Systems

“…Для повышения энергоэффективности ФЭС применяют следующие способы: регулируют угол наклона фотоэлектрических ФЭМ в зависимости от времени года, что обеспечивает прирост генерации на 9,7 % ежегодно, 12,74 % ежемесячно, 24,78 % ежечасно относительно горизонтально установленных ФЭМ [7]. Приведены данные исследований, проведенных в Канаде, которая географически расположена примерно на одних и тех же широтах, что и Российская Федерация; -применяют двухсторонние ФЭМ, которые в среднем во всем мире способствуют повышению генерации электроэнергии на величину от 10 % (при альбедо 0,25 -типично для естественного почвенного покрова) до 20 % (при увеличении альбедо грунта до 0,5) в сравнении со стационарными односторонними ФЭМ [8];…”