Formulation and Evaluation of Naproxen Sodium Loaded Invasomes for Topical Delivery

Abstract

Introduction: Naproxen sodium is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis to relieve pain and inflammation. It is mainly act by inhibiting COX1 and COX2 receptors. By inhibiting COX1 receptor it causes severe gastric bleeding and peptic ulcer and by inhibiting COX2 receptor it causes cardiovascular side effects.In order to avoid the adverse effects of naproxen there is need to develop novel drug delivery system. So that invasomes because of its vesicular structure they are capable of penetrating more into the systemic circulation and they will be acting locally as well as systemically. Methods: In this study attempts have been made to prepare and characterize Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes. Naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique by using soya lecithin as lipid, span60 as surfactant, limonene as terpene and methanol, ethanol and chloroform as organic solvents. Total twelve formulations (INV1-INV12) of invasomes were prepared, in which four formulations were prepared by varying drug to surfactant ratio and eight formulations were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratio. Results and Discussions: All the formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and invitro drug release. Among the twelve formulations of invasomestheINV2 formulation (1:1) ratio containing 40mg drug and 40mg surfactant (span60) was found to be the best formulation with drug content of 96.62%, entrapment efficiency of 90.9%, zeta potential of -68.5mV, mean particle diameter of 572.4 nm and invitro drug release of 91.6% in a time period of 12 hrs and followed the zero order kinetics with non fickian diffusion mechanism. Conclusion: In this present study naproxen sodium loaded invasomes were successfully prepared and evaluated.

Topical delivery of extracted curcumin as curcumin loaded spanlastics anti-aging gel: Optimization using experimental design and ex-vivo evaluation

“…The Brownian motion of Vesicles was used to determine the z-average, a measure of the light scattering caused by Brownian motion. The measurements were triplicate at 25 °C, after the dispersion has been sufficiently diluted with the deionized water for the incident beam to achieve a scattering intensity of approximately 90° ( Shailaja and Afreen, 2022 ).…”

Preparation, Characterization, and Skin Permeation Evaluation of Naproxen Microemulsions for Transdermal Delivery

“…As one of the popular NSAIDs, NPX has been widely used to treat pain, arthritis, and inflammatory disorders. However, side effects of traditional administration of NSAIDs, particularly NPX, including poor aqueous solubility and permeability properties, might limit their clinical applications (1)(2)(3). Many studies have focused on addressing these problems through the development of novel, highly efficient vehicles for optimized NSAIDs delivery.…”

“…One of the most recent attempts in NPX delivery is the development of transdermal-based formulations to optimize its solubility and skin permeation, which may influence clinical translation. Moreover, transdermally administered NPX, compared to other routes, remarkably improves therapeutic effects (2,3,6). Overall, transdermal delivery of drugs, compared to oral and intravenous routes, offers several benefits, including efficient penetration into deeper layers of the skin, non-invasive application, reduced systemic side effects (such as gastric disorders), avoidance of presystemic metabolism in the liver, targeted delivery, Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod.…”