Formulation influence on the sol–gel formation of silica-supported ionogels

Ionic liquids (ILs) are important electrolytes for applications in electrochemical devices. An emerging trend in ILs research is their hybridization with solid matrices, named ionogels. These ionogels can not only overcome the fluidity of ILs but also exhibit high mechanical strength of the solid matrix. Therefore, they show promise for applications in building lithium batteries. In this review, various types of solid matrices for confining ILs are summarized, including nonmetallic oxides, metal oxides, IL‐tethered nanoparticles, functionalized SiO2, metal–organic frameworks, and other structural materials. The synthetic strategies for ionogels are first documented, focusing on physical confinement and covalent grafting. Then, the structure, ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and electrochemical stability of ionogels are addressed in detail. Furthermore, the authors highlight the potential applications of state‐of‐art ionogels in lithium batteries. The authors conclude this review by outlining the remaining challenges as well as personal perspectives on this hot area of research.

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Section: Synthetic Approaches For Ionogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Approaches For Ionogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionogel Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries: A Review

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

217

184

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“…Typical examples include inorganic oxides and organic polymers, especially silica and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. With solvent-casting, a series of soft, magnetic, and luminescent IGs can be fabricated using PMMA as a host [ 31 ]. Here, ILs often lead to plasticization that reduces the glass transition temperature of IGs [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the quality of an IG made by this method strongly depends on the properties of inorganic components [ 40 ] such as particle size. Moreover, the properties are further affected by processes happening during the IG synthesis, for example phase separation or particle aggregation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Ionogels with Excellent Transparency, High Mechanical Strength, and High Conductivity

Tao

Liu

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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The paper describes a new kind of ionogel with both good mechanical strength and high conductivity synthesized by confining the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][NTf2]) within an organic–inorganic hybrid host. The organic–inorganic host network was synthesized by the reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a coupling agent, offering the good mechanical strength and rapid shape recovery of the final products. The silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570) plays an important role in improving the mechanical strength of the inorganic–organic hybrid, because it covalently connected the organic component MMA and the inorganic component SiO2. Both the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the ionogel significantly increased by the addition of IL. The immobilization of [Bmim][NTf2] within the ionogel provided the final ionogel with an ionic conductivity as high as ca. 0.04 S cm−1 at 50 °C. Moreover, the hybrid ionogel can be modified with organosilica-modified carbon dots within the network to yield a transparent and flexible ionogel with strong excitation-dependent emission between 400 and 800 nm. The approach is, therefore, a blueprint for the construction of next-generation multifunctional ionogels.

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“…Ionogels are ionic liquids confined in a solid/quasi solid structure. Depending on the type and chemical composition of the ionogel, the physical appearance can vary from rigid and brittle to soft and compliant [84,85]. Being confined in a solid/quasi solid matrix helps prevent any problem associated with ionic liquid leakage while preserving its high ionic conductivity [86].…”

Section: Immobilisation Of Ionic Liquids For Electrochemical Applicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterisation of sol- gel based ionogels as electrolyte for supercapacitors

Janani¹

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vanced patent was awarded to R. A. Rightmire who was a chemist at Standard Oil Company of Ohio (SOHIO) [11]. In 1971, SOHIO licenced the double-layer capacitor technology to Nippon Electric Company (NEC) and by 1978, NEC's supercapacitor was commercialised. Rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile electronics called for more advancements in the battery and supercapacitor industry, and in 1990s more research funding was advocated by United States Department of Energy (DOE) due to an increasing awareness of the extensive applications of battery and supercapacitors [7]. Today, the application of supercapacitors in the fields of electronics and electrochemistry are diverse. They can be used to generate power and be a peak assist in industry or for automotive applications [4]. They can also replace or supplement batteries in consumer electronics. In addition, micro-sized supercapacitors are widely utilized in biosensors and microelectromechanical systems as an on-chip element [6]. Depending on the type of application, the requirements and thus, supercapacitor cell design may vary. Based on the mechanism of charge storage, supercapacitors are divided into three major types, namely electric double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid cells. The following sections (2.2-2.4) provide an overview of their working principles. 2.2 Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) 2.2.1 Electric double-layer models An EDLC consists of two electrodes separated by an ion permeable separator. The space between the electrodes is filled with a liquid or quasi-solid electrolyte and it usually consists of solvated positive and negative ions suspended in solvent(s), or moving inside the quasi-solid backbone. When an EDLC is charged, two layers with opposite charges form at each electrode-electrolyte interface; these layers are commonly described as electric double-layers and they resemble two capacitors in series (Figure 2.2).

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Formulation influence on the sol–gel formation of silica-supported ionogels

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Ionogel Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries: A Review

Ionogel Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries: A Review

Luminescent Ionogels with Excellent Transparency, High Mechanical Strength, and High Conductivity

Synthesis and characterisation of sol- gel based ionogels as electrolyte for supercapacitors

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