“…In order to improve the predicted seismic site-response, researchers have proposed PWP generation models (e.g., Vucetic [4], Matasovic [5], Seed et al [7], Martin et al [8], Dobry et al [9,10], Green et al [11], Green [12], Polito et al [13], Ivsic [14]) and effective stress-based soil constitutive models (e.g., Wang et al [15], Elgamal et al [16], Park and Byrne [17], Jefferies and Been [18], Boulanger and Ziotopoulou [19]) that can be used for seismic site-response analysis. For example, Booker et al [20] first proposed an effective stress-based model (named GADFLEA) to study the generation and dissipation of PWP.…”