Formulation of Polymeric Microparticles Using Eco-Friendly Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Edible Brown Seaweed Undaria pinnatifida

Abstract

Several bioactive compounds that hold a potential interest in the food industry as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, proteins and vitamins, among others, are present in seaweeds. Green extraction technologies are the preferred way to obtain these compounds. Pressurized hot water extraction, from 160 to 220 °C, was tested to achieve high yields of these components from the edible brown seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida. The maximum fucoidan content was recovered at 160 °C, while the phloroglucinol content and antioxidant activity were maximum at 220 °C. The possibility of encapsulating these bioactive fractions using mannitol was assessed. The highest production yield of the polymeric particles was found using the 220 °C fraction (close to 75%). In order to formulate microparticles with bioactive potential, several ratios of liquid phases were assessed, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 (w:w), using the liquid fractions obtained at 160 °C and 220 °C. The yield production was always above 67%, being in the 1:3 ratio (160 °C:220 °C) and close to 75%. The rheological results indicated that the presence of microparticles enhanced the apparent viscosity of the aqueous dispersions with non-Newtonian profiles, achieving the highest viscosity for those formulated with microparticles from 160 °C:200 °C (3:1).

Marine Algae Bioactives: Isolation, Characterization, and Potential Application

“…The authors reported that the use of SFE to produce Spirulina extracts can lead to extracts with a higher content of valuable components such as fatty acids, phenolic compounds, minerals, pigments, etc. However, they also pointed out that special attention should be paid to the extraction yield of potentially harmful components, such as heavy metals.Ferreira-Anta et al [4], on the other hand, tested the effects of different temperatures (from 160 to 220 °C) in pressurized hot water extraction on the yield and profile of extracted bioactive components (proteins, fucoidan, phloroglucinol, carbohydrates, sulfates, etc.) from the edible brown alga Undaria pinnatifida.…”

“…In this context, this SI consists of six original research papers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and two review papers [ 7 , 8 ] that address recent advances and current knowledge in the proposed field.…”

“…Ferreira-Anta et al [ 4 ], on the other hand, tested the effects of different temperatures (from 160 to 220 °C) in pressurized hot water extraction on the yield and profile of extracted bioactive components (proteins, fucoidan, phloroglucinol, carbohydrates, sulfates, etc.) from the edible brown alga Undaria pinnatifida .…”