Formulation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Cephalexin: Physiochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation

Abstract

A cephalexin (CEP) self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed in this study to improve the drug’s oral administration. The CEP-SNEDDS was made utilizing an aqueous titration method employing Lauroglycol 90, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-HP. Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three factors at three levels was used for optimization, and their impacts on globule size (nm), transmittance (percent), and emulsification time (s) were assessed. The optimized formulation (Opt-F3) was further tested for zeta potential, refractive index, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, in-vitro release, ex vivo permeability, antibacterial activity, and bioavailability. The chosen formulation (Opt-F3) had a globule size of 87.25 ± 3.16 nm, PDI of 0.25, zeta potential of −24.37 mV, self-emulsification duration of 52 ± 1.7 s, and percentage transmittance of 99.13 ± 1.5%, viscosity of 96.26 ± 2.72 cp, and refractive index of 1.29 ± 0.1. It showed a sustained release profile (94.28 ± 5.92 percent in 24 h). The Opt-F3 formulation had 3.95 times the permeability of CEP-dispersion. In comparison to CEP-dispersion, it also demonstrated greater antibacterial efficacy against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The oral bioavailability of Opt-F3 is 3.48 times higher than that of CEP-dispersion, according to an in-vivo investigation. It has been determined that the prepared CEP-SNEDDS may be an advantageous carrier for CEP delivery.

Isotretinoin self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system: Preparation, optimization and antibacterial evaluation

“…The formulation had a prolonged release profile and outperformed the raw drug dispersion against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms in the CEP-SNEDDS investigation. This consistency between the two investigations shows that SNEDDS can improve antibiotic administration and efficacy ( Zafar et al, 2022 ).…”

Aceclofenac/Citronellol Oil Nanoemulsion Repurposing Study: Formulation, In Vitro Characterization, and In Silico Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity against Melanoma Cell Line

“…Tween ® 80 was selected for emulsification study as it showed good solubility potential, it has proved to be unaffected by the change modifications of pH and ionic strength, and it has low toxicity. By incorporating a suitable amount of cosurfactant (Transcutol HP), the emulsification process was enhanced, as it effectively reduced the interfacial tension, increased fluidity within the hydrocarbon region of the interfacial film, and minimized the bending stress at the interface [ 68 ].…”

Formulation development, optimization and characterization of Pemigatinib-loaded supersaturable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems

“…Then the mixture is vortexed and subjected to sonication for 5 min to get a transparent solution. The obtained solution was stored at a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C for a period of 24 h to attain equilibrium [21].…”