Formulation of synthetic greywater as an evaluation tool for wastewater recycling technologies

Abstract

On-site greywater recycling is one of the main ways of preserving water resources in urban or arid areas. This study aims to formulate model synthetic greywater (SGW) in order to evaluate and compare the performances of several recycling processes on a reproducible effluent. The formulated SGW is composed of septic effluent to provide indicators of faecal contamination, and technical quality chemical products to simulate organic pollution of greywater. To ensure that the SGW developed is representative of household greywater, its analysis was compared to real greywater collected and analysed (RGWs) and to real greywater mentioned in previous publications (RGW(L)). The performance of a direct nanofiltration process with a concentration factor of 87.5% at 35 bar was then tested on both real greywater and SGW. The laboratory experimental results are promising: fluxes and retention rates were high, and similar for both effluents. The permeation flux was higher than 50 L h(-1) m(-2). Retentions greater than 97% for biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days (BOD5) and 92% for anionic surfactants were observed. No Enterococcus were detected in the two permeates. These results confirm that the model SGW developed in this study shows the same behaviour as real greywater when recycled. Thus, the use of this SGW developed in this study was validated for the evaluation of membrane efficiency to treat greywater. This new tool will be a real asset for future studies.

Coupling membrane filtration and wet air oxidation for advanced wastewater treatment: Performance at the pilot scale and process intensification potential

“…The three different wastewaters used were synthetized based on the literature, and feedback from the industrial partner (A3i). The effluents were prepared with distilled water.…”

Sustainable greywater management with Axonopus compressus (broadleaf carpet grass) planted in sub surface flow constructed wetlands

“…Synthetic greywater was prepared in the laboratory by modifying the procedure given by Hourlier et al [22] and the same was used in the experiments. The composition of the synthetic greywater is shown in Table 1.…”

“…A comparison was also made on the performance of vegetated CWs (planted with A. compressus) and the control CWs (having no plants). A. compressus is a shade [22] tolerant plant commonly used for landscaping in this region. The findings of the study would be useful in developing simple, compact, cost effective and aesthetically pleasing constructed wetland systems for greywater treatment.…”

Exposure to Synthetic Gray Water Inhibits Amoeba Encystation and Alters Expression of Legionella pneumophila Virulence Genes

“…To ensure consistency in GW composition and reproducibility, an sGW formulation, previously described by Hourlier et al (22), was used in this study. Furthermore, because light GW constitutes about half of the total GW from a typical household, this sGW formulation was also chosen as it simulates the components of human body contaminants and personal care products typically found in light GW.…”