Fouling and Degradation of Polycarbonate in Seawater: Field and Lab Studies

Artham, Trishul; Doble, Mukesh

doi:10.1007/s10924-009-0135-x

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In contrast, the most common bisphenol A (BPA)-based PC has a high Tg (147 °C), and thus is not suitable for making PU elastomers. Also, importantly, this type of PC shows unsatisfactory photo- [41,42], thermal [43,44], and hydrolytic [43,45] stability.…”

Section: Macrodiolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Xie

Zhang

Bryant

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

454

301

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Section: Macrodiolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Xie

Zhang

Bryant

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

454

301

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“…Studies of biofouling on EFMD are now going under a rising bloom of research and have been taking two main venues to understand the following: (1) succession time frames associated with it [55][56][57][58][59] and (2) its impact on the EFMD intrinsic capabilities to withstand on the surface water [27,56,57,60]. All those aspects are important to predict EFMD behavior and to better target the methods used for search and detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of exogenous floating marine debris: an overview of techniques associated with remote sensing

Paige¹,

Paìnho²

2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Exogenous floating marine debris (EFMD) is a worldwide concern and its ubiquitous characteristics and long-term threat have raised calls for new venues to enable easier and prompt detection at large. The main focus of this paper is to evidence search and detection methods for EFMD using remote sensing techniques. This paper contributes to update research information in the topic under scrutiny and to screen for possible gaps to mitigate EFMD impacts. Several needs for research were found, and, before any work to establish the ground truth could take place, a spectral library model for EFMD going through several stages of biofouling must be created using passive or active research methods. Search methods need to be automated using empirical models based on stratified set-ups previously tested. Several sensors show potential for an indirect search for EFMD, but direct detection of EFMD using multispectral and radar instruments still needs further research through integration with conceptual and empirical modeling techniques.

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“…Moreover, there is a growing concern about the negative health effects of some additives (added to the polymers during the manufacturing process) to which most people are exposed, such as phthalates or bisphenol A (BPA) because they are not chemically bound to the plastic matrix and they can easily leach into their surrounding environment; especially when plastics breakdown in smaller pieces and more surface area is exposed to degradation. Experiments furthermore demonstrate that hard plastic trash discarded in the oceans leaches BPA at an accelerated rate when exposed to the salts in seawater (Sajiki and Yonekubo, 2003) and that biodegradation of plastic polymers by bacteria introduces BPA into seawater (Artham and Doble;2009). Recent studies also show that BPA which was originally developed by the medical industry to be a synthetic estrogen, leaches from the millions of gallons of epoxy plastic paint used to protect the ship hulls from corrosion and fouling with barnacles and other deposits (Saido et al, 2010).…”

Section: Chemicals Associated With Plastics Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic debris in the ocean: the characterization of marine plastics and their environmental impacts, situation analysis report

Thevenon¹,

Chris²,

Sousa³

2015

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Cover photo credits: 1. Figure 1.6 p. 15 (detail): A model simulation of the possible distribution of marine litter in the ocean after ten years showing the plastic debris converging in the 5 major ocean gyres (Source: IPRC 2008). 2. Figure 3.5 p. 32 (detail): The concentrations of toxic Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) measured in beached plastic resin pellets (in nanograms per gram of pellet) show the highest values in pellets collected at beaches from United States, Western Europe and Japan (Source: http://www.pelletwatch. org,). 3. Fishermen in India © Florian Thevenon. 4. Polluted beach © Florian Thevenon. 5. Figure 3.6 p. 33 (detail): Bioimaging techniques (fluorescence microscopy) showing the ingestion, egestion, and adherence of microplastics (1.7-30.6 μm polystyrene beads) in a range of zooplankton common to the northeast Atlantic (Source: Cole et al., 2013). 6. Figure 2.3 p. 23 (detail): Some marine plastic samples collected in the Atlantic Ocean with plankton nets by the Association OceanEye, in the Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL) at the Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne (Switzerland). (Source: Florian Thevenon with courtesy of Pascal Hagmann and OceanEye). 7. Floating litter © Florian Thevenon. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, the Race for Water Foundation or Svenska Postkodlotteriet concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the Race for Water Foundation or Svenska Postkodlotteriet.

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Fouling and Degradation of Polycarbonate in Seawater: Field and Lab Studies

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Detection of exogenous floating marine debris: an overview of techniques associated with remote sensing

Plastic debris in the ocean: the characterization of marine plastics and their environmental impacts, situation analysis report

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