Four‐Dimensional Wind Fields From Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiance Measurements With High Temporal Resolution

Abstract

Accurate four-dimensional (4D) wind observations are important contributors to atmospheric observation system and numerical weather predictions (NWP). With the help of geostationary meteorological satellites, algorithms to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) from continuous observations have been developed and optimized (Velden et al., 2005). The traditional methodologies are based on feature detection and tracking from three consecutive images. In cloudy skies, the visible and longwave infrared (IR) bands radiances can be used to track cloud motion-based vectors, while in clear skies water vapor sensitive band radiances are used for tracking moisture features for water vapor motion vectors. The derived AMVs have

The Influence of Sub‐Footprint Cloudiness on Three‐Dimensional Horizontal Wind From Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Observations

“…It should be noted that the GIIRS measurements used in this study come directly from the China Meteorological Administration, while those used by Ma et al (2021) were re-calibrated at Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. Also, additional observations on July 11 are used here but were not used in Ma et al (2021).…”

“…GeoHIS provides a good opportunity for deriving atmospheric 3D horizontal wind continuously over tropical and middle-latitude regions. For example, using 15-min interval Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) data from FengYun-4A (FY-4A), the first and the experimental satellite of FengYun-4 series (Yang et al, 2017), Ma et al (2021) has demonstrated that higher temporal resolution provides better 3D horizontal winds during Typhoon Maria (2018). The potential of atmospheric 3D horizontal wind with reasonable accuracy from GIIRS under clear skies is evident.…”

Exploration of a Future NOAA Infrared Sounder in Geostationary Earth Orbit

“…The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) launched the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board the FY-4A on 1 May 2018. The value of these new type of high temporal observations to improve the quality of atmospheric wind profiles and the forecast of track and intensity of tropical cyclones has been recently demonstrated [9][10][11][12][13][14]. EUMETSAT is planning to launch the IRS onboard the MTG-S satellite towards the end of 2023 [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Can Current Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders Capture the Small Scale Atmospheric Water Vapor Spatial Variations?

“…(2021) have demonstrated that higher temporal resolution provides better impact on tropical cyclone forecasts with a 4DVAR assimilation system in a global NWP model; Ma et al. (2021) developed novel methodologies for extracting 4D horizontal wind fields from high temporal GIIRS water vapor radiances under clear skies and some cloudy situations, and demonstrated that higher temporal resolution (e.g., 15 min vs. 30 min) provides better 4D wind retrievals.…”

“…can provide both thermodynamic and dynamic information for various applications. For example, using measurements from the Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS), the first geostationary hyperspectral IR sounder (Yang et al, 2017), Yin et al (2021) have demonstrated that higher temporal resolution provides better impact on tropical cyclone forecasts with a 4DVAR assimilation system in a global NWP model; Ma et al (2021) developed novel methodologies for extracting 4D horizontal wind fields from high temporal GIIRS water vapor radiances under clear skies and some cloudy situations, and demonstrated that higher temporal resolution (e.g., 15 min vs. 30 min) provides better 4D wind retrievals.…”